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How do enzymes help to regulate life functions?

Learn about the importance of enzymes in controlling chemical reactions in living organisms. Discover how enzymes work as catalysts and the factors that affect their function.

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How do enzymes help to regulate life functions?

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  1. How do enzymes help to regulate life functions? AIM: Read enzyme article. Do Now :

  2. Why are they important? They control chemical reactions in living things

  3. What is a catalyst? • any substance that brings about a chemical reaction without being changed itself.

  4. type of catalyst... ENZYMEs!

  5. What is an enzyme? • PROTEIN • Speed up CHEMICAL REACTIONs • name- describe what it does • (-ase)

  6. ENZYMES Examples: Enzyme that splitsmaltose into 2 glucose: MALTASE Enzymes that breaks protein into a.a.’s PROTEASE Enzyme that breaks up lipids: LIPASE

  7. ENZYMES EITHER EXCLUSIVELY PROTEINS OR PROTEINS WITH NON- PROTEIN PARTS CALLED COENZYMES. VITAMINS usually function as coenzymes.

  8. How do enzymes work? AIM: DO NOW: • Define a protein. • List 3 reasons why we need proteins? • Which element is found in proteins, but not in lipids and carbohydrates?

  9. Enzymes speed up the rate of • chemical reactions, by 1,000,000x

  10. The ability of an enzyme to act as a catalyst = depends on shape • Enzymes are used again and again • then recycled.

  11. Every enzyme regulates a • specific reaction. There is an active • site where the actual chemical • reaction takes place. • ex. Enzyme A can • only regulate • Substrate A A2 A1

  12. **Forms an -ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX 2 molecules become one! ACTIVE SITE SUBSTRATE NEW SUBSTANCE

  13. ENZYMES ARE MUCH LARGER THAN THE MOLECULES WITH WHICH THEY INTERACT. 1 molecule becomes two! SUBSTRATE ACTIVE SITE LOCK & KEY MODEL ENZYME

  14. Induced fit model

  15. What affects how well an enzyme works? Aim: DO NOW: Answer #1-6 HW: finish worksheet

  16. What factors regulate enzyme function? • 1. pH • 2. temperature • 3. substrate/enzyme concentrations

  17. Factors that Affect ENZYME Action • pH: The optimum pH for most • enzymes is 7. Exceptions :Pepsin (gastric protease) Trypsin(intestinal protease) Pepsin works best at pH of 3 Trypsin pH of 8

  18. Factors that Affect ENZYME Action 2.Temperature:The optimum temperature for most enzymes is 98.6 F or 37 C. OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE DENATURES

  19. DEFINITIONS OPTIMUM = Best temperature or pH for the particular reaction. DENATURATION= The loss of effectiveness of an enzyme. The enzyme begins to break down.

  20. Which quadrant shows optimum enzyme activity?

  21. Factors that Affect ENZYME Action 3. Relative amounts of enzyme and substrate: • Reaction rate depends on how often • enzymes & substrates bump into each • other. -adding more enzymes increases the # of molecules to interact with substrate. The reactions maximum rate is reached when all enzymes are attached to substrate.

  22. What’s happening in this graph?

  23. 1. Identify A, C, D 2. If figure D is a disaccharide, what must figures A & B represent? REVIEW

  24. 1.39 min

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