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The Circulatory System

The Circulatory System. In this lesson, you will Learn About… The functions of the circulatory system. How blood circulates through the body. How to keep your circulatory system healthy. The Circulatory System. The Vocabulary terms for this lesson are : Circulatory system . Artery .

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The Circulatory System

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  1. The Circulatory System In this lesson, you will Learn About… • The functions of the circulatory system. • How blood circulates through the body. • How to keep your circulatory system healthy.

  2. The Circulatory System The Vocabularyterms for this lesson are: • Circulatory system. • Artery. • Vein. • Capillary. • Pulmonary circulation. • Systemic circulation. • Plasma. • Blood pressure.

  3. Your Heart and Blood Vessels The circulatory system is the group of organs and tissues that transport essential materials to body cells and remove their waste products. The circulatory system is also called the cardiovascular system. It consists of the following: • The heart • The blood vessels • The blood

  4. Your Heart and Blood Vessels (cont’d.) The heart is composed of cardiac muscle. It pumps blood throughout the network of blood vessels. The blood flows through three types of vessels: • Arteries • Veins • Capillaries

  5. How Circulation Works Two types of circulation work together to keep body cells supplied with nutrients and free of waste products. • Pulmonary circulation carries the blood from the heart, through the lungs, and back to the heart. • Systemic circulation sends oxygen-rich blood to all the body tissues except the lungs.

  6. Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation • The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and sends it to the left ventricle. • In the lungs, carbon dioxide is removed from the blood and is exhaled out of the body. Oxygen is inhaled and added to the blood, and blood is sent back to the heart through the pulmonary vein to the left atrium. Then the process begins again. • The left ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood to the aorta, the body’s largest artery. • The right atrium sends the blood to the right ventricle. This part of the heart sends the low-oxygen, high-carbon dioxide blood to the lungs. • The aorta carries blood to branching arteries that take it to capillaries. Nutrients and oxygen travel through the walls of the capillaries to cells. The cells send back wastes such as carbon dioxide. • The veins carry the blood back to the right atrium of the heart. • The capillaries deliver this low-oxygen blood to veins.

  7. What’s in Your Blood Over half the volume of blood is plasma. The rest of the volume of blood is made up of three kinds of cells: • Red blood cells • White blood cells • Cell fragments, called platelets

  8. What’s in Your Blood (cont’d.) The different parts of the blood carry out several important functions in the body, such as: • Transporting various substances through the body. • Protecting the body from harm.

  9. Parts of the Blood Red Blood Cells Red blood cells, which look like little disks or doughnuts, carry oxygen from the lungs to all body parts. Platelets Platelets are the smallest type of blood cell. Platelets help blood to clot, or thicken, at the site of a wound. White Blood Cells White blood cells fight infection in the body. Some white blood cells actually create substances that destroy foreign cells. Others find and devour disease-causing invaders such as viruses. Plasma The three types of blood cells are suspended in plasma, a liquid that carries nutrients to cells. It also carries hormones, which are chemicals that regulate body processes. In addition, plasma transports wastes to the lungs and kidneys for removal.

  10. Blood Pressure When you have a medical checkup, the nurse or doctor may take your blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the blood vessels.

  11. The second number is the lowest point of pressure, when the heart relaxes to refill with blood. The first number is the pressure at its highest point, when the heart contracts and forces blood into the arteries. Blood Pressure (cont’d.) A blood pressure reading consists of two numbers, usually written in the following way: 110/70

  12. Blood Types All blood is not the same. The four types–A, B, AB, and O–are classified according to the type of red blood cells they contain. Some blood types are compatible and can coexist in a person’s body. Compatible blood types can be mixed safely.

  13. Blood Types (cont’d.)

  14. Blood Types (cont’d.) Blood may also contain a substance called an Rh factor. People who are Rh-positive have this substance. Rh-negative blood does not contain this substance. People with Rh-positive blood can receive blood from people who are either Rh-positive or Rh-negative. Rh-negative people can receive blood only from people who are Rh-negative.

  15. Caring for Your Circulatory System You can take action now to care for your circulatory system throughout your life. • Eat a balanced diet that is low in fats. • Learn to manage stress. • Avoid smoking. • Participate in activities that build heart and lung endurance.

  16. Reviewing Terms and Facts • List the two types of circulation. • Pulmonary circulation • Systemic circulation

  17. Reviewing Terms and Facts • Define the term circulatory system. The circulatory system is the group of organs and tissues that transport essential materials to body cells and remove their waste products.

  18. Thinking Critically • Why is it necessary for hospital workers to know patients’ blood types? It is important to know the patients’ blood type because incompatible blood types cannot be mixed together. If blood types that are not compatible are combined, the red blood cells in one type of blood may clump together and block blood vessels.

  19. Vocabulary Review The circulatory system is the group of organs and tissues that transport essential materials to body cells and remove their waste products.

  20. Vocabulary Review An artery is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body.

  21. Vocabulary Review A vein is a blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart from all parts of the body.

  22. Vocabulary Review A capillary is the smallest blood vessel that provides body cells with blood and connects arteries with veins.

  23. Vocabulary Review Pulmonary circulation carries the blood from the heart, through the lungs, and back to the heart.

  24. Vocabulary Review Systemic circulation sends oxygen-rich blood to all the body tissues except the lungs.

  25. Vocabulary Review Plasma is the yellowish fluid that is the watery portion of blood.

  26. Vocabulary Review Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the blood vessels.

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