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Overview of Major Monotheistic Religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

This section examines the three major monotheistic religions of the Middle East: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Judaism, the oldest, focuses on the Torah and the teachings of Moses, along with key historical events such as the Diaspora and the Holocaust. Christianity, the largest religion today, centers on the life and teachings of Jesus and the Bible. Islam, the second largest, teaches the beliefs defined in the Quran and emphasizes the Five Pillars of Faith. Each religion has unique holidays and practices that contribute to their rich traditions.

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Overview of Major Monotheistic Religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

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  1. Chapter 3 Section 2 Religions of the Middle East

  2. Monotheism • Belief in one supreme God

  3. Judaism

  4. Judaism (Jewish) • Oldest of the 3 religions • Torah • Tells early Jewish history • 5 books of Moses • Moses • Prophet • Revealed 10 commandments

  5. Prosperous state under king Saul, David, and Solomon • Made the city of Jerusalem • Diaspora • Spreading of Jewish people outside of the holy land

  6. Holocaust • The murder of 6 million Jews in the 1940’s • Scapegoat • Blamed for peoples troubles • Believe God will send a Messiah or savior

  7. Judaism • Holidays • Rosh Hashanah • New Years • Yom Kippur • Most sacred holiday • 24 hours of prayer and fasting

  8. Christianity

  9. Christianity • Largest religion • Believe Jesus is the Messiah • Study the Bible • Old testament • books of Moses • New Testament • Teachings of Jesus

  10. The Bible

  11. Christianity • Constantine made Christianity official religion of Rome in 300 A.D. • Crusades • Popes and Kings organized to capture the city of Jerusalem

  12. Islam

  13. Islam

  14. Islam (Muslim) • 2nd largest religion • Call god Allah • Believe Muhammad is prophet • Quran is the holy book • 3 holy cities • Makkah (Mecca) • Medinah • Jerusalem

  15. Five pillars of Faith • State beliefs in faith • Pray 5 times a day • Give to charity • Fast (no food or drink) • Hajj • Visit the holy city once

  16. The Five Pillars of Faith

  17. Hajj

  18. Holidays • Ramadan • Fast sunrise to sunset

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