1. Chapter 18Section 4 Brinkmanship and Nuclear Arms Race

2. Brinkmanship • Dwight Eisenhower and John Dulles take office • Each side has H-Bomb capacity • Staunchly anti-communist Presidency • Brinkmanship: promise to use all force, including nuclear weapons to defend against any aggressor nation • Air Force expansion

3. Race for Hydrogen Bomb • 1949: first soviet nuclear weapon • Sparks competition to detonate a deadlier weapon • November 1, 1952 • US detonates first Hydrogen bomb • 67 times stronger than Hiroshima and Nagasaki • 1953: Soviets strike again

4. Fear • Americans began to have daily fear of nuclear war • Schools and families practiced air-raid drills

5. Warsaw Pact and Geneva • West Germany gains military power in 1955 and joins NATO • Russia creates Warsaw in fear of West Germany • 7 Communist nations • Geneva: “open skies”-Eisenhower proposes idea for Soviets and US to fly over each other’s countries • failed

6. Suez Canal • United States and Britain offer to build a canal • Egypt plays each side receiving help from Soviets as well • Dulles cuts off aid • Egypt claims the canal as their own and refuses to let supply ships into Israel • Britain, France, and Israel seize the canal to protect oil interests • UN intervenes and returns canal to Egypt

7. Eisenhower Doctrine • January 1957 • Soviets gained popularity because of Egypt and Suez Canal • Eisenhower vows to attack any communist aggression in Middle East

8. U2 incident • CIA run operation-spied on Soviet troop movement and nuclear weapons • U2 plane flew at untraceable height • Despite Soviet knowledge, missions continue • Eisenhower wanted to cancel mission, but Dulles wanted to fly one more

9. U2 continued.. • Francis Gary Powers is shot down by Soviets • Humiliated Americans, crucial mistake in regards to Soviet-American peace talks • Eisenhower was scheduled to travel to Soviet Union • Check my glogster