Japan in World War II

1. Japan in World War II Jada King, Lisa Sibrell, Norah Sugrue, and Marissa Labrie

2. Background • For years, Japan had wanted to expand economic territory into China and even declared war on them in 1937; America resented this • September 27, 1940 – Japan signs the Tripartite Pact with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, starting the Axis alliance • Japan had scarce supply of oil and other natural resources due to a United States embargo on them • They wanted the United States to not have control • December 7, 1941 – Japan launches a surprise attack on the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor

3. Pearl Harbor • Japan had been planning this attack for months • The Japanese fighter jets attack near Honolulu, Hawaii • Destroyed 18 ships and 300 airplanes • Killed over 2,000 American soldiers • Wounded over 1,000 • Due to this attack, President Franklin D. Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan • December 11 – Germany and Italy, Japan's allies, declare war on the US in return • Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japan had several military successes for almost two years • Beginning in late 1944, the United States began launching air attacks on Japan

4. USS Arizona being blown up Pearl Harbor

5. The Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki • August 6, 1945 - the US dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima  • Three days after, another bomb was dropped on Nagasaki • The bomb dropped on Hiroshima was called "Little Boy", and was dropped by the Enola Gay  • The bomb dropped on Nagasaki was called "Fat Man", and was dropped by the Bockscar • The US wanted to drop the bombs on Japan to force their surrender and to observe the effects of the bombs • They were the first atomic bombs to ever be used in warfare

6. The Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (cont.) • The US did not intend on dropping the second bomb on Nagasaki, they were actually aiming for Kokura • Due to heavy smoke in the area around Kokura, the crew in the plane could not get a clear view on the city, therefore setting their sights on Nagasaki

7. Lasting Effects of Bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki: Health • Immediately: Death from burns and trauma wounds • After three weeks: Effects of radiation • After three months: Keloids, sterility, disfiguration, blood abnormalities • After two years: Increased risk of leukemia • After ten years: Increased risk of breast, thyroid, and lung cancer • Effects on children of survivors: Birth defects, increased risk of cancer

8. Lasting Effects of Bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki: Environment and City • Most of Hiroshima completely decimated • Radioactive particles scattered throughout surrounding area • Population decrease of almost 300,000 in Hiroshima • Years of gradual regrowth

9. The destruction brought upon the Japanese cities

10. Japanese Internment Camps  • Two months after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the president ordered all Japanese-Americans to evacuate the West Coast • 120,000 people were relocated just because of this mass evacuation • Men, women, and children were forced to go to one of the 10 internment camps • The relocation of all these innocent people was the most blatant violation of civil liberty that they rightfully had

11. The Relocation ofJapanese-Americans • 120,000 people were forced into camps and were split from family, they were also suspected heavily of the involvement in Pearl Harbor • They, the Japanese-Americans, were largely blamed for involvement in the bombings • Many believed they were undercover and conspiring to take down the government and America itself • People pressured the Roosevelt administration to do something and 'punish' the Japanese-Americans for what they thought they did

12. Life in Internment Camps • Life in internment camps were much different than typical Japanese culture • The elderly held more traditional respect, however in internment camps the children born on American soil had more power • Children were alone permitted high authority roles because they were born in America • 3,600 Japanese-Americans enrolled in the military in hopes of getting a renunciation

13. Life in Internment Camps (cont.) • Families were allowed to live together but the living situations they were given were poor • There were no cooking appliances, no plumbing, nor privacy • Typically 25 people were forced to live together in a family apartment made for 4 • Due to the poor living conditions, diseases spread rapidly • Dysentery, small pox, and typhoid fever were spread quickly and took over • Medical supplies quickly depleted due to all the people getting sick

14. Pictures of Internment Camps

15. End of the War • August 8, 1945 – Just two days after the first atomic bombing in Hiroshima, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan and invaded the Japanese-owned land of Manchuria • August 15, 1945 – Japanese emperor Hirohito announces via radio broadcast surrender • September 2, 1945 – Japan's surrender is formally signed and the end of World War II is made official

16. Bibliography • “Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.” History, A&E Television Networks, 2009, www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/bombing-of-hiroshima-and-nagasaki. • “Children of the Camps.” PBS, Public Broadcasting Service, www.pbs.org/childofcamp/history/. • “Destructive Effects.” Atomic Bomb Museum, atomicbombmuseum.org/3_health.shtml. • History.com Staff. “Japanese-American Relocation.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 2009, www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/japanese-american-relocation. • LeMay, Curtis. Tibbets, Paul. “Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki - 1945.” Atomic Heritage Foundation, 5 June 2014, www.atomicheritage.org/history/bombings-hiroshima-and-nagasaki-1945. • Listwa, Dan. “Hiroshima and Nagasaki: The Long Term Health Effects.” K=1 Project, Columbia University, 9 Aug. 2012, k1project.columbia.edu/news/hiroshima-and-nagasaki. • “Pearl Harbor.” History, A&E Television Networks, 2009, www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/pearl-harbor. • “PHOTOGRAPHS OF HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI.” GENSUIKIN, www.gensuikin.org/english/photo.html. • “Prisoners at Home: Everyday Life in Japanese Internment Camps.” Omeka RSS, dp.la/exhibitions/exhibits/show/japanese-internment. • “The Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.” Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, www.cnduk.org/campaigns/global-abolition/hiroshima-a-nagasaki. • “World War II in the Pacific.” United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005155.