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Exploring What is Design: Creation, Process, and Social Implications

Discover the essence of design as a creative endeavor that shapes tools for human use, emphasizing conscious, human-centered, and social aspects while distinguishing it from engineering and art. Learn core skills, challenges, and the design process in this informative lecture. Who can be a designer? What is designed? Dive into the multidisciplinary world of interface design and explore the difficulty in predicting successful solutions due to vast possibilities and human unpredictability. Uncover the nuances between good design and usability, and grasp the core skills needed for effective design thinking.

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Exploring What is Design: Creation, Process, and Social Implications

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  1. What is Design? HCDE 518 & INDE 545 Winter 2012 With credit to Jake Wobbrock, Dave Hendry, Andy Ko, Jennifer Turns, & Mark Zachry

  2. Agenda • Announcements • Lecture & Discussion – What is Design? • Break – 5 mins • IDEO Deep Dive video • What is Design? Videos & discussion • Next class

  3. Announcements • R1 due now • A1 due on Wednesday • R2 due next Wednesday • P0 due next Wednesday • No class on Monday, Jan. 16th (MLK Jr. Day) • Questions?

  4. P0 – Design Question & Team Form • Determine your project design question & at least 3 research questions • More on Wednesday on how to do this • Identify team members and complete team form • http://courses.washington.edu/hcde518/project/P0-TeamForm.doc • Due Wednesday, January 18th • Time this Wednesday to discuss teams

  5. Project Topic Ideas (handout) • Enter a student design competition • e.g., Accessible Voting Project • Do an industry-sponsored activity • Anything else you’re interested in • Should identify a population and a problem • e.g., how can technology support long distance bicyclers in finding restaurants and accommodations? • e.g., how can technology help shoppers find what they’re looking for at a farmer’s market?

  6. Lecture & Discussion – what is design?

  7. What is Design? Creative endeavor • Process of creating or shaping tools or artifacts for direct human use Outputs are things people-centered concerns Processes, methods

  8. Characteristics of Design • Design… • is conscious • keeps human concerns in the center • is a conversation with materials • is creative • is communication • has social implications • is a social activity

  9. Design vs. Engineering • Engineering • Make a mostly-known outcome possible • Construct a sturdy bridge based on specifications • Concerned with what can be done • Reliance on well-established formulae • Humans may or may not be directly “in the loop” • Design • Envision new possibilities, new outcomes • Determine what outcome should result among infinite possibilities • Reliance on process over formulae • Humans are central actors “in the loop”

  10. Design vs. Art • Design (as we regard it) concerns the creation of something useful and usable • Art does not bother with this restriction • The test: how to deem what is “good”?

  11. Other Contrasts • Interface vs. interaction design • Artifact versus sequence • Graphic < interface < interaction < user experience • Usability vs. user experience (UX) design • Evaluation of understandability vs. holistic design • Designing it right vs. the right design • Often, poor usability leads to a bad user experience, but not necessarily

  12. design vs. Design • design: the general activity we've been talking about so far • Design: the formal field, including theory, methods, literature, and practice

  13. Who Does Design? • Designers! • Designers are often… • Applied anthropologists • Design ethnographers • Social psychologists • Cognitive psychologists • Experimental psychologists • Computer scientists • Engineers • Interface designers • Interaction designers • Industrial designers • Graphic designers • Information architects • Usability professionals • Technical writers • Dramatists

  14. Can Anyone be a Designer? • Don Norman says “yes” • Mostly in the “design” sense • Bill Buxton says “no” • Mostly in the “Design” sense • Not really a clear consensus on this

  15. What is Designed? • “Look around you. The only thing not designed is Nature.” • David Kelley • Anything consciously intended for human use is designed • Often poorly, though

  16. Why is Design Hard? • Interface design is multidisciplinary • Judging/predicting which designs will be successful and which will not is difficult • It is simply hard to come up with good solutions • The space of “the possible” is vast compared to the space of “the good”

  17. Why is Design Hard? • All design involves making tradeoffs • Can't maximize everything • Good designs are non-obvious • Humans are unpredictable • Humans make errors • Design relies on process expertise, not knowledge expertise

  18. Core Skills of Design • To synthesize a solution from all of the relevant constraints, understanding everything that will make a difference to the result • To frame, or reframe, the problem and objective • To create and envision alternatives. • To select from those alternatives, knowing intuitively how to choose the best approach. • To visualize and prototype the intended solution

  19. One View of the Design Process

  20. Sketches on Design Thinking (Andy Ko)

  21. Design is Not Just “Lipstick on a Pig” • Not just changing how things look • Or making things pretty • Or designing graphics

  22. Interaction Design Mantras • “The user is not like me.” –Don Norman • “The best way to have good ideas is to have lots of ideas.” – Linus Pauling • “Fail often to succeed sooner.” – IDEO • “Enlightened trial-and-error succeeds over the careful planning of the lone genius.” – IDEO

  23. “The user is not like me” • Why not? • Designers are much more familiar with the interface and with the problems being solved than users. • Designers are confident. Users are often fearful. • Designers work in settings that are different than the context in which the product may be used. • Designers may have different skills than users (e.g., perceptual, cognitive, or domain skills). • (from Don Norman)

  24. Remember this Mantra: • “The user is not like me”

  25. A1: Thinking about Design • Think about the objects with which you interact and how they’re designed • Derive design principles • Assignment description posted online (A1) • Due Wednesday, 1/11/11

  26. BREAK – 5 MINUTES

  27. VIDEOS – WHAT IS DESIGN?

  28. IDEO's Deep Dive • Excellent example of the user-centered design process • IDEO's Deep Dive Video • Part 1 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ooN05Q030Qo • Part 2 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7_sZy-kusw • Part 3 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FxO8t9Sonk8

  29. Discussion

  30. Interviews from Moggridge (2007) • Gillian Crampton Smith (Director, Ivrea) • What is interaction design? • 4 minutes • Bill Verplank (Xerox Star) • MyPC • 3 minutes • Cordell Ratzlaff (Mac OS X) • MyPC • 3 minutes

  31. Lessons? • What lessons do these interviews hold?

  32. Next Class Topics • Wednesday, January 11th • The User-Centered Design Process • Upcoming Work • Next set of readings and reflections • Assignment 1 • Begin thinking about project topics and team members

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