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El Subjuntivo la frontera final

El Subjuntivo la frontera final. p.171-173. El Subjuntivo. In this slide show, we are going to look at a verb form that has all but disappeared from English – the subjunctive!. A few examples. I want you to give me $5. Tom would like us to arrive before 5:00 am. I order you to stop!

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El Subjuntivo la frontera final

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  1. El Subjuntivola frontera final p.171-173

  2. El Subjuntivo • In this slide show, we are going to look at a verb form that has all but disappeared from English – the subjunctive!

  3. A fewexamples • I want you to give me $5. • Tom would like us to arrive before 5:00 am. • I order you to stop! • In these three examples, one person is trying to get another person to perform an action

  4. I wantyoutogive me $5. • One person (I) wants another person (you) to do something (give $5). • However, there is no guarantee that you will give me $5 just because I want you to.

  5. Tom wouldlikeustoarrivebefore 5pm. • Likewise, one person (Tom) wants someone else (us) to do something (arrive before 5:00 am). • There is no guarantee that we will do so just because Tom would like that.

  6. I orderyouto stop!!! • This sentence is more forceful: one person (I) is telling another person (you) to do something (stop). • Again, we don’t know if you will stop despite the admonition.

  7. The subjunctive • In Spanish, we use a special verb form to show that the completion of these actions – give, arrive, stop – may or may not occur. This form is called the subjunctive (like the word “subjective” – influenced by opinions).

  8. Examples in Spanish • I want you to give me $5>> Quieroque me des $5. • Tom would like us to arrive before 5:00 am >> Tom quierequelleguemos antes de las 5:00. • I order you to stop >> Te mandoquepares.

  9. Look familiar? • des << dé • lleguemos << llegue • pares << pare • These are very similar to the formal command forms we studied previously (including the irregulars, such as dar >> dé). • They merely have added familiar endings, such as –mos for nosotros and –s for tú.

  10. Verb forms • What about the other subjunctive forms?

  11. Notice • … that the subject in the first half is always different from the subject in the second half: • Quieroque me des $5. • Tom quierequelleguemos... • Te mandoque pares. • The first subject is trying to spur the second subject into action, and we don’t know if the action will ever happen. • QUE Separates the two subjects!!!

  12. Compare this … • … to sentences where there is no change in subject: • Quierosalirahora. • Tom quierellegar a las 5. • Me gustaría comer pizza. • When the subject is the same, there is higher probability that the second action will take place. We use the infinitive (-r form of the verb) after verbs that express wishes, wants, and desires.

  13. Hey, that’s not so hard! • Just build the subjunctive from the command forms that you remember (if you don’t remember, go back and watch that slide show again!).

  14. A few examples • What are the subjunctive forms of the following verbs? • hablar • hable, hables, hable, hablemos, hablen • comer • coma, comas, coma, comamos, coman • vivir • viva, vivas, viva, vivamos, vivan

  15. Too easy! • How about some trickier ones? • Salir • Salga, salgas, salga, salgamos, salgan • Remember to start with the yo form, salgo • Ser • Sea, seas, sea, seamos, sean • The yo forms that don’t end in –o are irregular in the command form and, consequently, the subjunctive. • Comenzar • Comience, comiences, comience, comencemos, comiencen • Remember that stem-changing verbs don’t change in the nosotros form! • All the irregulars are on p. 108 of the other text and I will give you a copy if needed.

  16. A few tricky ones • Dormir • Duerma, duermas, duerma, durmamos, duerman • Servir • Sirva, sirvas, sirva, sirvamos, sirvan • Stem-changing IR verbs change in the nosotros form.

  17. Let’s Practice!!! • What are the appropriate subjunctive forms of the verbs in parentheses? • Quieroquetú _____ (venir) a las 3:00 en punto. • Quieroquetúvengas a las 3:00 en punto. • We use the subjunctive because there is a change in subject after a verb of desire (quiero).

  18. Quieroque me des otro • ¿Quieresquenosotros ______ (ir) al cine o a la playa estatarde? • Pues, quieroque ______ (quedarse = stay) en casa porquehacefrío. • ¿Quieresquenosotrosvayamos al cine o a la playa estatarde? • Pues, quieroquenosquedemos en casa porquehacefrío.

  19. Uno más • Espero[I hope]quetuhermana ____ (hacer) bien en susexámenes. • Esperoquetuhermanahagabien en susexámenes. • We use the subjunctive after different types of verbs – wishes, wants, and orders. Here is another type: hopes. • We use the subjunctive because we aren’t sure whether the second action will occur (Will your sister do well on her exams? That remains to be seen!).

  20. Más ejemplos • Mi mamáquierequeyo ____ (ser) doctor, y mi papáesperaque _____ (estudiar) para ser ingeniero, peroyoquiero ____ (ser) actor. • Mi mamáquierequeyosea doctor, y mi papáesperaqueestudiepara ser ingeniero, peroyoquieroser actor • There is no change in subject in the third expression (“yoquiero”), so we don’t use the subjunctive!

  21. Otro Uso • Lo siento[I’m sorry]quetuabuela ____ (estar) enferma. Esperoque ___ (mejorarse = to get better) pronto. • Lo sientoquetuabuelaestéenferma. Esperoquese mejore pronto. • Another use of the subjunctive is with verbs of “regret,” such as saying “I’m sorry.” This is a little different from the other uses in that the second action has actually happened (i.e., your grandmother really is sick), but the subject in the first half is expressing an opinion and is therefore ‘influencing’ the second verb.

  22. Let´sreviewthe uses! • We started by looking at one basic use of the subjunctive: it is used with verbs that express desires and wants. • We then saw how the subjunctive is also used with verbs that express hope and regret. • Are there any others?

  23. ¡Sí, por supuesto! • There are many other uses of the subjunctive. The rest of the slide show will look at some of these.

  24. U W E I R D O • Here’s an acronym to help you organize the major uses of the subjunctive: • U. W. E. I. R. D. O. • Thanks to members of the FLTEACH listserv for this acronym. • One list member credits the series “Sing, Dance, Laugh, and Eat Tacos” – you might want to check it out!

  25. U is for Uncertainty • No creo[I don’t believe] que Laura venga a la fiesta. • No piensoquepuedavenir. • Tal vez[perhaps]lleguetardehoypor el tráfico.

  26. W is for Wishes • Quieroquetúpuedasvisitarmedurantelasvacaciones.

  27. E is for Emotion • Me alegroquehayasrecibidouna “A” en la clase de historia. • Me enfada[it angers me]que Juan no trabajemás en esteproyecto.

  28. I is for Impersonal Expressions • Es ridículoque Gloria sea la presidenta del club de alemán – ellarecibióuna “D-” en suclase el semestrepasado. • Impersonal expressions don’t have a “human” subject. • Some impersonal expressions in Spanish include: esbueno, esmalo, esnecesario, esdifícil, esimposible, estriste…

  29. R is for Regret • Lo sientoquetuabuelaestéenferma. • Lamentoque no podamosasistir a la reunión.

  30. D is for Doubt • Dudoquealguienseacapaz de sacar un 100% en el examen final de física – ¡es un cursomuydifícil!

  31. O is for Ordering • Te mandoquepares. • Te prohiboqueusestusapuntes[notes]durante el examen. • These are thecommands: formal and indirectthatwehavebeenstudying!!!

  32. How does this relate to the book? • Well, let’s take a look!!!

  33. ClausulasNominales • Expresiones de Voluntad • Después de verbos o expresiones de … • Deseo (Desire) • Voluntad (Will) • Consejo (Counsel) • Preferencia (Preference) • Esperanza (W isforWish) • Permiso (Permission) • Prohibición (no permission)

  34. Clausulas Nominales • Expresiones de Emoción (E isforEmotion) • Después de estos Ejemplos: • Alegrarse de • Esperar • Dar pena • Gustar • Lamentar • Preocuparse • Sentir • Sorprenderse • Tener miedo • Temer • Lástima que

  35. Clausulas Nominales • Expresiones de Duda (D isforDoubt) • Después de las expresiones o verbos de duda, incertidumbre, o inseguridad • Ejemplos: • Dudo que subjuntivo • No creo que subjuntivo • Después de una expresión de certidumbre, usa el indicativo • No dudo que indicativo • Creo que indicativo • Whatisthedifference?

  36. Clausulas Adverbiales p. 171 • Expresión Temporal • Si hay duda (D isfordoubt) cuándo hay una expresión temporal, usa el subjuntivo • Ejemplos de expresiones temporales: • Luego que • Cuando • En cuanto • Tan pronto como • Antes de que • Hasta que • Después de que • EJ. Me quedaré aquí hasta que regresen. • Si no hay duda con la expresión temporal, usa el indicativo • EJ. Me quedé aquí hasta que regresaron.

  37. ClausulasAdverbiales p. 171-172 • Con estos expresiones temporales, siempre usamos el subjuntivo. • La lista de expresiones: • Antes de que • A menos que • Para que • Con tal deque • Sin que • En caso de que • EJ. Nosotros saldremos antes de que ellos vuelvan. • EJ. Lo diré para que tú los sepas.

  38. Clausulas Adverbiales p.171-172 • Si hay incertidumbre (D isforDoubt), usa el subjuntivo con estas expresiones temporales: • Así que • Aunque • EJ. Aunquellueva, saldremos. • No sabemos si va a llover. • Si hay certidumbre (no doubt), usa el indicativo con estas expresiones temporales: • Así que • Aunque • EJ. Aunquellueve, saldremos. • Está lloviendo ahora.

  39. Clausulas Relativas • Si la clausula relativa indica una persona indefinido (U isforUncertainty), usa el subjuntivo: • EJ. Busco una secretaria que sepa español. • No tenemos idea de quién. • Si la clausula relativa indica una persona definido (certainty), usa el indicativo. • EJ. Conozco a una secretaria que sabe español. • Tenemos idea de quién.

  40. Expresiones Impersonales • I isfor Impersonal Expressions • Que indican • duda, • necesitad, • probabilidad, • voluntad, • u opinión. • Ejemplos: • Es dudoso que • Es preciso que • Es probable que • Es importante que • Es posible que • Es mejor que • Urge que • No es cierto que

  41. Expresiones Impersonales • Ontheotherhand …. • Impersonal expressionsthat declare truth, certainty (no doubtoropinion), obviousness, clarity, orsomethingthatisevident, use indicative. • Ejemplos: • Es verdad que • Es cierto que • Es obvio que • Es claro que • Es evidente que

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