The New Immigrants

1. The New Immigrants Contributing Author: Jenna White (Student Teacher, 2010)

2. New Immigrants (1890-1920) • Southern Europe • Italy • Greece • Eastern Europe • Russia • Poland • Catholic, Orthodox, Jewish • Non-English-speaking countries • Republican Traditions

4. Ellis IslandNew York City The Statue of Liberty on nearby Liberty Island Immigrants being processed, 1904

5. A View from the Ferry

8. Melting Pot

9. NYCToday Ethnic Neighborhoods Source: New York Times

10. Jacob Riis • Photographer • How the Other Half Lives • Documented living conditions in New York City’s tenements. • Sweatshops • LINK: • http://www.authentichistory.com/1898-1913/2-progressivism/2-riis/index.html

11. “Slum dogs”: Italian immigrants living in NYC

17. “Settlement House” Movement Addams Jane Addams • Hull House • Chicago, IL • Education, Job Training, Child Care, etc. • Social and economic opportunities for the working class

20. Angel Island, San Francisco

23. Angel Island: Video Tour • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZnpgiUY5ip4

24. Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) American citizens living on the West Coast blamed the Chinese workers for causing a sharp decline in wages and an increase in poverty and crime. Consequently, nativist-minded Americans despised Chinese workers and pushed Congress to block Chinese immigration. Although the Chinese composed only .002 percent of the nation’s population, Congress bent to voters’ demands and passed the Exclusion Act. This law was designed to placate worker demands and relieve prevalent concerns about maintaining white “racial purity.”

25. Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) • First US Law to restrict immigration based on nationality or race • Remained on the books in various forms until 1943

26. "Pacific Chivalry." (August 7, 1869). Thomas Nast. (California ruffian whips John Chinaman) http://www.csub.edu/~gsantos/img0048.html

27. Thomas Nast, cartoon - "The Comet of Chinese Labor" (1870) http://www.csub.edu/~gsantos/img0049.html

28. Nativism was directed at Japanese immigrants as well. • Anti-Japanese nativism intensified in California. In 1906, the San Francisco, California Board of Education passed a regulation whereby children of Japanese descent would be required to attend separate, racially specific schools. At the time, Japanese immigrants made up only 1% of the population of California. • In the Gentleman’s Agreement (1907), Japan agreed not to issue passports for Japanese citizens wishing to work in the continental United States, thus effectively eliminating new Japanese immigration to America. In exchange, the United States agreed to accept the presence of Japanese immigrants already residing in America, and to permit the immigration of wives, children and parents, and to avoid legal discrimination against Japanese American children in California schools.

29. Gentleman’s Agreement (1907) EXCLUSION BY LAW EXCLUSION BY AGREEMENT Japan agrees to control emigration if U.S. does not pass a law and treats existing Japanese immigrants fairly.

30. Color map of immigration.

31. Explain the causes and effects of urbanizationin late nineteenth-century America, includingthe movement from farm to city, thechanging immigration patterns, the rise ofethnic neighborhoods, the role of politicalmachines, and the migration of AfricanAmericans to the North, Midwest, and West.Compare the accomplishments andlimitations of the women’s suffragemovement and the Progressive Movement inaffecting social and political reforms inAmerica, including the roles of the media andof reformers such as Carrie Chapman Catt,Alice Paul, Jane Addams, and presidentsTheodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson. • New Immigrants  Southern Europe  Italy  Greece  Eastern Europe  Russia  Poland  Catholic, Orthodox, Jewish  Non-English-speaking countries  Republican Traditions • Ellis Island New York CityImmigrants being processed, 1904 View slide • A View from the Ferry Photo Credit: Jason Jennings (Class of 2012) View slide • Photo Credit:Jason Jennings (Class of 2012) • Photo Credit:Jason Jennings (Class of 2012) • Document Credit:James E. (Class of 2013) • Melting Pot • NYCTodayEthnicNeighborhoods Source: New York Times • Jacob Riis Photographer How the Other Half Lives  Documented living conditions in New York City’s tenements.  Sweatshops LINK: http://www.authentichistory.com/1898- 1913/2-progressivism/2-riis/index.html • “Settlement House”Jane Addams Movement  Hull House  Chicago, IL  Education, Job Training, Child Care, etc.  Social and economic opportunities for the Addams working class • NATIVISM Group English Good 66% Bad [166] 6% Irish 62% 7%1982 Opinion Poll: Jews 59% 9%"Thinking both of what Germans 57% 11%they have contributed to Italians 56% 10%this country and have Poles 53% 12%gotten from this country, Japanese 47% 18%for each one tell me Blacks 46% 16%whether you think, on Chinese 44% 19%balance, theyve been a Mexicans 25% 34%good or a bad thing for Koreans 24% 30%this country." Vietnamese 20% 38% See Wikipedia for more Puerto Ricans 17% 43% public opinion figures on Haitians 10% 39% immigration in the United States. Cubans 9% 59% • Chinese Exclusion Act  First US Law to restrict immigration based on nationality or race  Remained on the books in various forms until 1943 • No Soup For You!"A Matter of Taste." (c. 1883). Thomas Nast.(John Chinaman refuses Soup in KearneysSenatorial Restaurant--refers to legislation “How can Christianspertaining to Chinese Exclusion Act) stomach such diet?” • "Pacific Chivalry." (August 7, 1869). Thomas Nast. (California ruffian whips John Chinaman) http://www.csub.edu/~gsantos/img0048.html • Thomas Nast, cartoon - "The Comet of Chinese Labor" (1870) http://www.csub.edu/~gsantos/img0049.html • "The Chinese Question." (February 18, 1871). Thomas Nast. (Columbia defends disconsolae John Chinaman from nativist Attacks)http://www.csub.edu/~gsantos/img0050.html • Gentleman’s Agreement (1907) EXCLUSION BY LAW EXCLUSION BY AGREEMENTJapan agrees to control emigration ifU.S. does not pass a law and treatsexisting Japanese immigrants fairly