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The New Immigrants

The New Immigrants. Before 1865 Most Immigrants came from Northern and Western Europe Protestant English Speakers Immigration Peaked 1907 1.3 million people. The “Old” Immigrants. Mid 1880’s Eastern and Southern European Immigrants Greece Russia Hungary Italy Turkey Poland

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The New Immigrants

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  1. The New Immigrants

  2. Before 1865 • Most Immigrants came from Northern and Western Europe • Protestant • English Speakers • Immigration Peaked 1907 • 1.3 million people The “Old” Immigrants

  3. Mid 1880’s • Eastern and Southern European Immigrants • Greece • Russia • Hungary • Italy • Turkey • Poland • Catholic & Jewish • Non English Speakers • Did not blend well New Immigrants

  4. Immigrants in 1907

  5. Where were the “old immigrants” from? • Western and Northern Europe Review Question

  6. Chinese • Mexican • Japanese • Unfamiliar religions and languages • Difficulty blending in New Immigrants

  7. Many emigrated or Why leave homelands?

  8. Many emigrated or left their homelands because of • Economic troubles • Italy and Hungary – scarce jobs • Croatia and Serbia – scarce land • Sweden – crop failures Why leave homelands?

  9. Many emigrated or left their homelands because of • Persecution • Governments passed laws against certain ethnic groups Why leave homelands?

  10. Many emigrated or left their homelands because of • Persecution • Governments passed laws against certain ethnic groups • Minority group that spoke different languages or followed different customs • Jewish Russians (1880s) Why leave homelands?

  11. Why come to america?

  12. Name 5 of the countries that the “New Immigrants” came from. • Poland • Mexico • China • Japan • Hungary • Italy • Turkey • Greece • Russia Review Question

  13. Traveled hundreds of miles on feet to get to port city Long voyages across the ocean Only afford tickets in steerage Getting to america

  14. Traveled hundreds of miles on feet to get to port city • Long voyages across the ocean • Only afford tickets in steerage • Cramped noisy quarters on lower decks Getting to america

  15. New York Harbor • First thing you see as you sail in • Gift from France • Symbolized hope • Emma Lazarus • Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, the wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest- tossed to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door Statue of liberty

  16. Register at government reception centers • East • Castle Garden until 1892 • Ellis Island • West • Angel Island • (San Francisco Bay) • Examiners asked • Names • Where they came from • Occupation • Relatives in the US • Illnesses • Could be refused Entering america

  17. What is defined as a minority group that speaks a different language or follow different customs? • Ethnic Groups Review question

  18. What do you think is important to know as a US citizen? • In small groups make a 10 question Naturalization test of your own. • Question Examples • Who is the President of the USA? • Barack Obama • What were the 49th and 50th states of the union? • Alaska and Hawaii • How many stars are on the flag? • 50 Naturalization Test Activity

  19. Finding work • Hired by organizations in homeland • Unskilled labor in the US • America’s fastest growing industry • 12 hours a day 7 days a week • 12 X 7 = THAT’S 84 HOURS A WEEK • Sweatshops • Dark crowded workshops where clothes were made American Dream?

  20. Adjusting to America • Trying to keep some of their own culture • Most wanted to assimilate American dream?

  21. Adjusting to America • Trying to keep some of their own culture • Most wanted to assimilate • Become part of the American culture • Sometimes at the cost of their own culture • Language • Parents spoke native language • Kids spoke English at school • Grandchildren spoke only English • Women had more freedoms in America American dream?

  22. Were from rural areas  settled in industrial • Worked as unskilled laborers • Earlier immigrants from the same place helped new immigrants • Like cultures tended to settle together • Attempt to re-create old country life • House of worship • Businesses and clubs • Native language newspapers Immigrant communities

  23. What were the two points of entry for immigrants at this time? • Ellis Island (East Coast) • Angel Island (West Coast) Review question

  24. American-born workers started to resent immigrants and worried that… • Immigrants were taking all of the jobs • Immigrants were driving down wages • “They just didn’t fit” • Nativists • Opposed immigration since 1830s • Late 1800s they gained strength Nativist Movement

  25. Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) • Prohibited Chinese immigrants for 10 years • Renewed in 1892 and 1902 • Gentleman’s Agreement with Japan • Japan limits number of immigrants • USA treats Japanese Americans well • 1882 – immigrants pay a tax • Immigration Act of 1917 • Included a literacy requirement New Immigration laws

  26. Immigrants’ protective league • Grace Abbot • Julia Clifford Lathrop • USA = Nation made of immigrants • Immigrants made great contributions Support for Immigrants

  27. Supplied industries with needed workers • Helped shape American Life • Major religions • Jewish • Protestant • Catholic • Diverse cultures Immigrant contributions

  28. What do we mean when we said the immigrants assimilated? • Become a part of the American culture Review question

  29. What was USA’s policy concerning Japanese immigration? • Gentleman’s agreement • Japan limits immigrants and USA promises to treat Japanese Americans well Review Question

  30. Naturalization Test Questions

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