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WATER FOOTPRINT OF COFFEE PRODUCTION: Vietnam’s coffee set to get a boost from smarter irrigation

WATER FOOTPRINT OF COFFEE PRODUCTION: Vietnam’s coffee set to get a boost from smarter irrigation. Chu Thai Hoanh and Upali Amarasinghe. DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGE. Excessive irrigation endangers water availability

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WATER FOOTPRINT OF COFFEE PRODUCTION: Vietnam’s coffee set to get a boost from smarter irrigation

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  1. WATER FOOTPRINT OF COFFEE PRODUCTION:Vietnam’s coffee set to get a boost from smarter irrigation Chu Thai Hoanh and Upali Amarasinghe

  2. DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGE Excessive irrigation endangers water availability • Vietnam is the world’s leading Robusta coffee producer generating annual revenues of over $1 biland supporting rural livelihoods of over 2 million people • DakLak province contributes 40% to national coffee production; irrigation from January and April is critical to make coffee economically viable • 57% of irrigation is abstracted from groundwater, and 95% of that is used for coffee • Irrigation in DakLakexploits over 70% of the province’s groundwater resources

  3. SCIENCE Water stress is not bad for coffee • Estimate of crop water requirement based on FAO: Jan-Apr: 529 mm (rainfall satisfies 21%) • But records of some 300 farmers in 2005-2009 suggest that they only applied under 260 mm in Jan-Apr;(rainfall satisfies 21%) • Some applied more, but net marginal profit becomes negative beyond 400 mm of water inputs from Jan-Apr Monthly rain and CWU in DakLak

  4. SCIENCE Optimizedirrigation scheduling required • Farm records in 2005-2009: • higher water stress levels help reach 3-4 tons/ha • optimal irrigation scheduling is required to break the 4 tons/ha barrier • in average rainfall year, about 150 mm (455 liter/plant/irrigation round x 3 rounds) from January to April is sufficient (each round is 20-25 days) • in high rainfall year, about 80 - 120 mm (300 liter/plant/irrigation round x 3 rounds) is adequate • By better scheduling irrigation, it is possible to reduce groundwater withdrawals without effect on coffee yield

  5. OUTPUTS • A policy brief on “Vietnam to Produce More Coffee with Less Water” – currently reviewed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development • A report accepted by SDC and Nestle, and a paper in review in J. of Agricultural Systems • A national workshop with results well received by participants from private sector, farmers, government officers and researchers

  6. PARTNERS • Nestle and SDC: funding and review the research • IWMI: methodology, training on survey to WASI, data analysis and reporting • EDE Consulting, Germany: collecting long-records data, data analysis and reporting • Western Highlands Agro-forestry, Sciences and Technical Institute (WASI), Vietnam: interactions with farmers, data collection and analysis • Boundary partners: Department of Crop Production (DCP) and National Agricultural Extension Center (NAEC) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD, Vietnam): dissemination of findings to farmers and incorporating into coffee development guidelines

  7. OUTCOME Policy dialogue for implementing recommendations81 participants (45 from private sector, 17 government officers, 8 farmers & 11 researchers) Evidence: Good Morning News on Vietnamese TV in October 2013, with English sub-titles

  8. OUTCOME “Nestlé will implement the recommended best practices within its Farmer Connect network of 12,000 farmers and will work with other key local stakeholders for wider dissemination and scale up.” If this practice is widely adopted, it will ensure sustainability of GW use in the province and larger VN Read more and watch a 7 min video in English: http://www.nestle.com/csv/case-studies/AllCaseStudies/coffee-water-vietnam

  9. LESSONS AND NEXT STEPS • Systematic analysis of farmers’ records could provide useful insights into agricultural practices • Private sector is active in adoption of research and has good networks to disseminate findings to large number of farmers • Continue collaboration with Nestle and SDC in the next phase of coffee water footprint, possibly covering all VN • Use successful examples (like this) of collaboration between CG Centers and private sector) to foster future collaboration

  10. THANK YOU ! There are some 25 mil coffee farmers in the world…

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