Growth of Cities

1. Growth of Cities Created by Aaron Yonke Bay Port High School Green Bay, WI

2. Why the move to Cities • JOBS JOBS JOBS JOBS JOBS JOBS • Immigrants, African Americans, former farmers • Railroads • Helped people move and allowed for raw materials to be taken to and from factories • Connected cities to each other • Natural Resources

3. Move to Cities • 1870 1 in 4 Americans lived in cities (2500 <) • 1910 1 in 2 Americans lived in cities • United States was changing from rural to urban nation

4. Urban Growth: 1870 - 1900 * *

5. Characteristics of UrbanizationDuring the Gilded Age • Huge Growth • Mass Transit • Economic and social opportunities. • Divided by social structure • New opportunity for women. • Poor living conditions for many.

6. Louis Sullivan: Carson, Pirie, Scott Dept. Store, Chicago, 1899

7. D. H. Burnham: Marshall Fields Dept. Store, 1902

8. Woolworth Bldg.NYC - 1911

9. FlatironBuilding NYC – 1902 D. H. Burnham

10. Housing

11. Tenement Living • Apartment building in poor, run down urban neighborhoods (slums) • Poorest residents (usually immigrants) lived in these • Several people per room • Several families had to share ONE cold water tap and toilet

12. “Dumbell “ Tenement

13. “Dumbell “ Tenement, NYC

14. Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lived(1890)

15. Tenement Slum Living

16. Lodgers Huddled Together

17. Tenement Slum Living

18. Struggling Immigrant Families

19. Middle Class and Rich • Middle Class, professionals that lived comfortably • Lived on edge outside of city centers (suburbs) • 1 house=1 family, hot water, indoor plumbing and by 1900 electricity • Rich • Large mansions in cities and estates in country

22. Cities in Crisis

23. City Problems • Cities grew too fast, over crowding • No open/green space • Poor transportation systems • Garbage and animal manure piled up • Sewers overflowed with sewage • Disease ran rampant • Fire was a constant threat • Poverty was widespread

27. Solutions • Salvation Army (1879) food kitchens and shelters • YMCA & YWCA set up rec centers • Settlement Houses created (Jane Addams & Hull House in Chicago) • Parks and green space created • Mass Transportation established • Cable cars, trolleys, subways, EL (Chicago) • Skyscrapers

30. Ethnic Communities

31. Pell St. - Chinatown, NYC

32. Mulberry Street – “Little Italy”

33. St. Patrick’s Cathedral

34. Hester Street – Jewish Section