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Transformation of American Society 1815-1840: A Quick Overview

Explore the changes in American society between 1815 and 1840, from westward migration to industrialization and social inequalities. Learn about key events, innovations, market economy, federal government roles, land grants, Indian removal, and faces of industrialization. Understand the struggles and achievements that shaped American society during this period.

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Transformation of American Society 1815-1840: A Quick Overview

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  1. Chapter 9 Transformation of American Society 1815-1840

  2. Quick Review of Dates • French and Indian War? • 1756-1763 • American Revolution? • 1776-1783 • War of 1812? • 1812-1814

  3. Change was happening Most were farmers, rode horses, didn’t live in cities • Yet, life was changing: by 1840, many farmers moved west • Westward migration happened after the war of 1812 • No longer subsistence farming: transportation now available meant distant markets available • Alternatives to farming meant that families and social relationships were changing

  4. Life in the West • Successive economic and social changes • Improvements in transportation • 1825: Erie Canal completed • Consequently the development of towns and cities

  5. Innovations: • 1790: Samuel Slater opened his first Rhode Island mill for the production of cotton yarn • 1793: Eli Whitney: Cotton Gin • 1807: Robert Fulton introduced the steamboat Clermont on the Hudson River • 1811: Construction of the National Road • 1817: Erie Canal started • 1834: First Strike at Lowell

  6. Market Economy • In 1790: most lived on East coast • Now in 1840: 1/3rd lived between Appalachians and Mississippi River • Fur traders worked along the Missouri River • The west was advertised as “all east, tranquility, comfort” when it was really harsh • Pioneers migrated as families, clustered near rivers, were sociable

  7. Federal Government and West • Northwest Ordinance of 1787 allowed for the creation of states • Louisiana Purchase 1803 brought Mississippi River • Transcontinental Treaty of 1819 took out Spanish control of area

  8. Land Grants by Government • War of 1812 soldiers repaid with land • National Road authorized 1816 • Misery for the Native Americans

  9. Removal of Indians • 5 civilized tribes: Cherokees, Choctaws, Creeks, Chickasaws, and Seminoles • Monroe and Adams asked for their “voluntary” removal • 1830’s Jackson passed Indian Removal act which took 100 million acres of Native American land • Bitter war ensued with Seminoles, cost $20 million • “Trail of Tears”

  10. Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) • Andrew Jackson had forced them to leave • But Cherokee nation took their case to the Supreme Court • Cherokee Nation v. Georgia 1831 • Worcester v. Georgia: Indians are distinct political community with rights.

  11. This was Federalism tested • John Marshall had sided with the Native Americans • Jackson sneered: “John Marshall has made his decision,now let him enforce it.”

  12. The Faces of Industrialization • Waltham and Lowell mills turned out finished products, where before it had been cottage manufacturing: carding and spinning into yarn by Slater • 80% of workforce: were young unmarried women who were “wage slaves” • Strict rules: housing, church, food restricted

  13. Equality and Inequality • Antebellum America: gap between rich and poor widened • Small fraction of people in cities owned 59% of wealth • “Rags-to-Riches” story: John Jacob Astor: built a fur-trading empire

  14. The Poor • The Irish were “expiring from the want of sustenance”, fleeing the Famine • They were Catholics, despised by Protestant majority

  15. The Poor • Free Blacks in the North: prejudice deeply engrained • Slavery had largely disappeared by 1820 due to Missouri Compromise • Yet, right to vote restricted in various ways: • Needed to own property 2. Segregated facilities

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