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Understanding Earthquakes: Forces, Faults, and Famous Seismic Events

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanics behind earthquakes, including the types of stress—tension, compression, and shearing—that act on rocks. It explains various geological structures, such as normal, reverse, and strike-slip faults, along with essential terms like footwall, hanging wall, syncline, and anticline. Notable historical earthquakes in cities like Chile, Anchorage, and Tokyo are highlighted, emphasizing the significance of understanding seismic activities. Learn how these forces shape our planet and the dangers they pose.

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Understanding Earthquakes: Forces, Faults, and Famous Seismic Events

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  1. Earthquakes By: Tanner Thomas and Yatzeni Cruz

  2. Stress • Stress- is force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume. • Stress is the changing of rocks shape after an earthquake • Topex.ucsd.edu/…/StressSSAFcapture.jpg

  3. Tension • Tension- is when they pull apart in different directions. • Tension is the crack of and earthquake. • www.bbc.co.uk/.../images/g_lwpt_e_1.gif

  4. Compression • Compression- pushes rocks together. • Compression is how mountains form. • www.smate.wwwu.edu/.../eq-genral-11.JPG

  5. Shearing • Shearing- mass of rock in opposite directions. • Shearing is when the crust pulls apart in different directions • Pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/ofr-98-0767/shear.gif

  6. Normal Fault • Normal Fault- is crust that pulls apart. • Normal Fault is land is not together after an earthquake. • Blue.utb.edu/../Lectures.zfaults_InageS@K>JPG

  7. Footwall • Footwall- rock that lies below. • Footwall is a lower part of a plateau. • www.geus.dk/.../bull/nr8/nr8_p0600-089009.jpg

  8. Hanging Wall • Hanging Wall- a block of rock that lies above. • Hanging Wall is a hill that is very steep. • www.geosic.unc.edu/.../ShoshoneFault.jpg

  9. Reverse Fault & Anticline • Reverse Fault- is the same structure as a normal fault. • Anticline- a fold in rock that bends upward into an arch. • www.onep.go.th/tsunami/Tsunami_Eng/pic/ex3/gif

  10. Strike-Slip Fault • Strike-Slip Fault- the rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other side-ways. • Strike-Slip fault is valley looking thing. • Static.howstuffworks.com/gif/earthquake-18.jpg

  11. Syncline & Plateau • Syncline- fold of rock that bends downward. • Plateau- a large area of flat land elevated high above sea level. • www.aeic.alaska.edu/quakes.middleton64.jpg

  12. Top 10 Earthquakes • Chile • Anchorage • Tokyo • Mexico City • Izmit • Chimbote • Northwestern Iran www.bennett.karoo.net/.../nathaz/eathquake • Gansu • Messina After the video- • San Francisco That is why you have to watch the news!!!!!!! Click Here to watch a video!

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