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Science Hierarchy

Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population Multicellular Organism Organ System Organ. Tissue Cell Organelle Molecule Atom Subatomic Particle. Science Hierarchy. 1. Where does Chemistry fall into place?. 2. Why is chemistry important to living organisms?. Organization of Life.

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Science Hierarchy

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  1. Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population Multicellular Organism Organ System Organ Tissue Cell Organelle Molecule Atom Subatomic Particle Science Hierarchy 1. Where does Chemistry fall into place? 2. Why is chemistry important to living organisms?

  2. Organization of Life

  3. Levels of Organization • Earth • Biosphere • Biome • Ecosystems • Community • Population • Organisms • Organ systems • Organs • Tissues • Cells • Organelles • Protoplasm/Nucleoplasm • Molecules • Atoms • Subatomic particles

  4. Organisms • Organ systems • Organs • Tissues • Cells • Organelles • Protoplasm/Nucleoplasm • Molecules • Atoms • Subatomic particles The human body: levels of organization.

  5. smallest pieces of matter… • building blocks of the universe -- and the interactions between them. particleadventure.org

  6. … and their large effects …

  7. … affect us all. • History: alchemy, atomic weapons • Astronomy: sunshine, “metals”, cosmology • Medicine: PET, MRI, chemotherapy • Household: smoke detectors, radon • Computers: the World-Wide Web • Archaeology & EarthSciences: dating

  8. Atoms Classifying the composition of objects at the atomic level is now a familiar process. This ring, for example, is made up of only 2 kinds of atoms: gold (Au) and Carbon (C)

  9. Periodic table The periodic table lists about 114 atoms with distinct properties: mass, crystal structure, melting point… range and pattern of properties reflects the internal structure of the atoms themselves.

  10. Inside Atoms: neutrons, protons, electrons Carbon (C ) Atomic number Z=6 (number of protons) Mass number A=12 (number of protons + neutrons) # electrons = # protons(count them!) (atom is electrically neutral) Gold (Au) Atomic number Z = 79 Mass number A = 197 #electrons = # protons(trust me!)

  11. Properties of nucleons • Units: • The electric charge of an electron is -1 in these units. • Mass units are “billion electron volts” where 1 eV is a typical energy spacing of atomic electron energy levels. • Question:Why are the masses nearly the same but the electric charges so different?

  12. Further layers of substructure: u quark: electric charge = 2/3 d quark: electric charge = -1/3 Proton = uud electric charge = 1 Neutron = udd electric charge = 0 www.cpepweb.org If each proton were 10 cm across, each quark would be .1 mm in size and the whole atom would be 10 km wide.

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