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Global Fire Emission Modelling for Atmospheric Composition and Land Cover Monitoring

Global Fire Emission Modelling for Atmospheric Composition and Land Cover Monitoring. Johannes W. Kaiser , S. Serrar, R.J. Engelen, J.-J. Morcrette, A. Hollingsworth, J.-M. Gregoire, G.R. van der Werf. Outline. Biomass Burning in Global Environmental Monitoring

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Global Fire Emission Modelling for Atmospheric Composition and Land Cover Monitoring

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  1. Global Fire Emission Modelling for Atmospheric Composition and Land Cover Monitoring Johannes W. Kaiser, S. Serrar, R.J. Engelen, J.-J. Morcrette, A. Hollingsworth, J.-M. Gregoire, G.R. van der Werf

  2. Outline • Biomass Burning in Global Environmental Monitoring • Biomass Burning in Atmospheric Composition Monitoring: The Global GEMS Systems • Summary

  3. Biomass Burning in Global Environmental Monitoring

  4. Significance for Atmospheric Composition:2 Preliminary Examples CO2 mixing ratio analysis from poster 1MO2P-0072 SMOKE FROM WILDFIRES aerosol optical depth analysis from poster 1MO2P-0082

  5. Significance for Land Monitoring • Wildfires are an important sink mechanism for the terrestrial carbon pools in the global carbon cycle. • wildfire emissions, typical global values: 1.5 – 4 Gt C / year • fossil fuel emissions of Europe + North America: 3 Gt C / year • Wildfire behaviour characterises land cover types with repeated fire events. • typical fire repeat period • typical fire intensity • typical fire seasonality • … • Wildfires can change the land cover type reversibly • tropical deforestation • …

  6. A Global Fire Assimilation System should serve atmosphere and land monitoring. atmosphere monitoring land monitoring available fuel load pyro-changes in carbon stocks fire emissions land cover type land cover characterisation injection heights land cover change Global Fire Assimilation System fire observations [Kaiser et al. 2006]

  7. Biomass Burning in Atmospheric Composition Monitoring:The Global GEMS Systems

  8. Global Fire Activities in GEMS @ ECMWF • fire emission from inventory GFEDv2 [van der Werf et al., ACP 2006] • hot spot fire observations from satellite-borne MODIS • available fuel load from CASA vegetation model • no near-real time availability • time resolution: 8 days / 1 month • Can be used as dummy for future Global Fire Assimilation System in reanalyses. • Fire Radiative Power from geostationary observations • improved accuracy and time resolution • no operational experience • no global coverage

  9. Fire CO2 Emission on 20 Aug 2003 [g / m2 / day] (GFEDv2_8day, re-gridded to T159)

  10. CO2 Model Field with Fires @ 500hPa [ppm]

  11. Excess CO2 due to Fires @ 500hPa [ppm]

  12. free model run without fire emissions with fire emissions assimi-lation of CO2 observa-tions

  13. with fire emissions no fire emissions observations modelscorrected forbias&trend Fire emissions modelling improves interannual variability & seasonal variability of the modelled CO2 background. altitude of station Variability of CO2 Model: Mauna Loa [observations: public CMDL CCGG data]

  14. Aerosol and Reactive Gas Approach and Issues • approach consistent: • emission inventory GFEDv2 with time resolution of • 1 month (currently) • 8 days (soon) • aerosol: (see poster 1MO2P-0082) • Observations determine 1 parameter relatively well, i.e. AOT. • But model currently distinguishes 11 aerosol types. • Fire emissions help to determine the observed aerosol type. • reactive gases: • emissions in CTMs, not the ECMWF model

  15. Summary

  16. SUMMARY • The global atmosphere and land monitoring systems in the European GMES initiative will need global Biomass Burning modelling in near-real time and consistent multi-year time series. • We recommend to develop a Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS) to serve the GMES requirements. • The global GEMS system can use GFEDv2 as a work-around for its reanalysis products, and does so. • We see wildfire emissions influencing • CO2: interannual variability, seasonal cycle, and individual episodes • aerosol: episodes, monthly averages • The information from fire emission observation/modelling is complementary to the satellite observations of CO2 and aerosols.

  17. MORE INFORMATION www.ecmwf.int/research/EU_projects/HALO www.ecmwf.int/research/EU_projects/GEMS www.gmes-geoland.info j.kaiser@ecmwf.int This work has been funded by the European Commission through the FP6 projects HALO, GEMS, and GEOLAND. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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