1. The Body’s Transport System A Closer Look At Blood Vessels Blood and Lymph Cardiovascular Health Mixed Bag 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500

2. 100 What is the name of the group of heart cells that sends out muscle contraction signals?

3. 100 pacemaker

4. 200 What is a flap of tissue that prevents blood from flowing backwards?

5. 200 valve

6. 300 What are the three main functions of the cardiovascular system?

7. 300 • Delivering needed materials • Removing waste products • Fighting disease

8. 400 How does the structure of the heart keep oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood from mixing?

9. 400 A think wall called the septum is between the two ventricles.

10. 500 What specific type of blood vessels take blood from the right ventricle to the lungs? Why type of blood is it carrying as it goes to the lungs?

11. 500 pulmonary arteries oxygen poor

12. 100 As blood moves away from the heart, does blood pressure usually increase or decrease? Why?

13. 100 It decreases because the further the blood is from the pumping ventricles, the lower the force is.

14. 200 What is the big difference between the structure (layers) of an artery and a vein?

15. 200 They both have an inner layer of epithelial cells, a middle layer of smooth muscle, and an outer layer of connective tissue. The big difference is that arteries have a thicker layer of smooth muscle, thus making them thicker overall.

16. 300 What is the name of the instrument used to measure blood pressure? (yes, the long one…)

17. 300 sphygmomanometer

18. 400 Explain the process of diffusion. Don’t forget to also tell where it happens.

19. 400 Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. It occurs in the capillaries.

20. 500 Name three ways that veins help continue to move blood onward back to the heart.

21. 500 • Contraction of skeletal muscles • Larger veins have valves • Breathing movements exert pressure against veins in the chest

22. 100 If your lymph nodes enlarge, what does that indicate?

23. 100 Your body is fighting an infection.

24. 200 What are the four components of blood?

25. 200 • plasma • red blood cells • white blood cells • platelets

26. 300 What type(s) of blood someone with type AB– can receive?

27. 300 AB–, A–, B–, O–

28. 400 Discuss what happens when you get cut. Be sure to use the terms platelets and fibrin.

29. 400 Once cut, platelets collect and stick to the blood vessel. The platelets then release chemicals that start a series of reactions that produce a protein called fibrin. Fibrin weaves a net of tiny fibers across the cut. This net traps blood cells, thus forming a blood clot.

30. 500 What is hemoglobin? What is its job?

31. 500 It is an iron-containing protein that makes up most of the red blood cell. It’s job is to chemically combine with oxygen and carry it in the blood stream.

32. 100 What is a heart attack?

33. 100 A heart attack is when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked.

34. 200 What is the name of the condition where an artery wall thickens as a result of buildup of fatty materials? BONUS: spell it.

35. 200 atherosclerosis

36. 300 Give three examples of foods that should be avoided to help prevent atherosclerosis.

37. 300 Red meats, eggs, cheeses, french fries, cream…

38. 400 Hypertension is usually defined as what? (numerical answer)

39. 400 140 90 Greater than

40. 500 Medications that help to lower cholesterol target what cholesterol producing organ in the body and slow down its production?

41. 500 liver

42. 100 What’s the difference between the job of a ventricle and an atrium?

43. 100 Ventricles forcefully pump blood to the body while atria receive and pump blood to the ventricles.

44. 200 How does atherosclerosis affect blood pressure?

45. 200 As arteries narrow, blood pressure increases.

46. 300 What is lymph? How does it return to the cardiovascular system?

47. 300 Lymph is fluid inside vessels of the lymphatic system and consists of water, dissolved materials, and some white blood cells. It returns to the cardiovascular system through veins in the chest.

48. 400 What is the universal blood donor? What is the universal blood recipient?

49. 400 Universal Donor: O– Universal Recipient: AB+

50. 500 Who is Karl Landsteiner?