GREECE

1. GREECE

2. Bordering countries are Albania, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Turkey Bordering bodies of water are Mediterranean Sea, Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, Sea of Crete

3. Capital is Athens

4. Mountains cover most of Greece, land is rocky with little fertile soil, summers are hot and dry

5. Winter – ¾ of rain falls, mild and wet Summer – hot, dry, very sunny

6. Greece is a seafaring country because you are never far from the sea, 1/5 of Greece is islands, land is not very good for farming

7. A city-state is the city/town and the surrounding villages and farmland

8. Greek city-states were independent, small in size, quarreled among themselves

9. The Ancient Greeks were: patriotic shared a common language, religion, and culture prized their freedom and way of life creative thinkers

10. Greece became independent in 1829

11. What happened in Olympia, Greece in 776 BCE? What is Greece’s capital city called? How many letters make up the Greek alphabet? What is Greece’s national cheese? What is the currency used in Greece? How many Greeks work in agriculture? What two major geographic features shape Greece? How many islands are apart of Greece? What religion do ninety-eight percent of Greeks belong to? What is a major holiday in Greece? First Olympics Athens 24 feta Euro One in five Mountains and Seas 2000 Greek Orthodox Church ~ Christian Easter and Christmas

13. Passport to Ancient Greece

18. GREECE’S GEOGRAPHY

20. Peloponnesus Peninsula and numerous islands in the Aegean Sea 2)They were separated from one another by rugged mountains, bays and inlets, and by being on an island 3) Most Ancient Greeks were farmers

21. 4) A Mediterranean climate – mild winters with hot, sunny summers . . . you can grow crops all year round . . . similar to southern California 5) Mainly grow grapes and olives Grow small amounts of wheat and barley

22. 6) Main disadvantage is that only ¼ of the land is level so they could only grow small amounts of grain crops and, therefore, they had to trade with others to get more grain

23. 7) Main advantage is the sea – it connected all Greeks to one another and Greece to other civilizations so that they could trade and get what they needed

24. LOCATION Greece is located in southern Europe between Albania and Turkey.It borders the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea. It has a population of 10,964,020. Athens is its capital.

25. AREA Greece has a total area of 131,940 sq km. That means it is slightly smaller than Alabama

26. CLIMATE Greece has a Mediterranean climate with plenty of sunshine, mild temperatures and a limited amount of rainfall.

27. SUMMER In summer, the dry hot days are cooled by seasonal winds called the meltemi, while mountainous regions have generally lower temperatures.

28. WINTER The winters are mild in lowland areas, with a minimum amount of snow and ice, yet, mountains are usually snow-covered.

29. TERRAIN Greece consists of a mountainous and craggy mainland jutting out into the sea. Four-fifths of Greece consist of mountains or hills, making the country one of the most mountainous in Europe. Greece has the tenth longest coastline in the world.

30. LAND USE About 20% of Greece is farmable. Farmers grow olives, figs, fruit, grapes, and very little grain.

31. GREECE’S ORIGINS

32. MINOAN AGE • Minoans • Crete ~ Knosses • 2000 – 1400 BCE had a system of writing, fine artwork, great sailors, traded with Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Phoenicia, master builders of palaces that were maze like with plumbing and decorated with colorful murals

33. MYCENAEAN AGE • Mycenaeans • Greek mainland/ Mycenae • 1400 – 1100 BCE • Built cities on top of hills, very similar to the Minoans – sailors, trade, palaces, and writing, conquered the Minoans

34. MINOANS MYCENAEANS First navy Named after King Minos Had minitar and bull fighting Known for pottery cups On Crete Weakened by fire, earthquakes, tidal waves Linear A – cannot read On Greek mainland Had walls that were 40 ft. high and 20 ft. thick Known for bronze weapons Linear B – can read Tall people Fell to outsiders Writing for record keeping Had palaces Were into trade Seafarers - sailors

35. DARK AGE • Dorians • Invaders from northern Greece who came to middle and southern Greece • 1100 – 800 BCE • Trade came to a stop, written language disappeared, people lived in isolated villages, oral traditions kept Greek history alive, population increases

36. AGE of EXPANSION • 800ish – 500 BCE • Villages grow and develop back into cities, trade comes back and increases, leaders emerge in each city, city-states {an independent, self governing city and the land around it} develop and begin to fight one and compete against one another

37. The Greek City-State Map of major Greek City-States in 500 BCE Ruins of the agora at Corinth, Greece. Most Greek cities had an agora, which acted as the city center, housing marketplaces, civic centers, and forums.

38. GREEK CITY-STATE • Had over 100 city-states • Known as a polis • All Greeks belonged to one • It is the city and its surrounding countryside • Athens was the biggest • Some had walls, some had natural barriers around them, some had nothing • All had their own culture and identity – coins, laws, calendars

39. GREECE’S RELIGION

40. The gods controlled the world of nature and the human world. • Purpose of Myths and Legends: • celebrate the gods • explain the gods’ role in creating the world and causing natural events • to tell of the gods’ powers

41. All Greek gods were part of a family and Zeus was the supreme god. • Zeus – justice and weather • Poseidon – sea • Hera – marriage • Ares – war • Dionysus – wine • Apollo – light (sun), health, herding, prophecy

42. Ways the Greeks worshipped their gods: • prayed to them for things they wanted • thanked the gods with animal sacrifices • built sanctuaries where they could worship and honor the gods • religious festivals and competing in the Olympics

43. GOVERNMENTS of GREECE

44. King rules over a group of people King was head of the most powerful family Power was passed on to the oldest son King relied on nobles to defend the land MONARCHY

45. A few people hold the power over a large group of people Improved the government – more efficient City-states grew to quickly – food shortages, discontent, poor farmers lost land to wealthy and became slaves OLIGARCHY

46. A leader who seizes power by force and rules single handedly {dictator} Many people supported, laws are reformed, poor are aided, and taught the citizens by uniting behind a leader they could gain power and make changes Leader can become harsh and greedy TYRANT

47. Power to make decisions was in the hands of the people Council proposed new laws, all citizens met every 9 days to vote on laws. Law courts had jurors who made decisions, all citizens rich or poor were involved Not all citizens liked sharing power, especially the rich DEMOCRACY

48. GREEK CITIZENSHIP

49. ADULT MALE CITIZENS • Men over eighteen • Your father had to have been a citizen and mother’s father had to have been a citizen for you to be a citizen • Only 45,000 citizens in Athens

50. WIVES and CHILDREN of CITIZENS • 145,000 women and children of citizens in Athens • They had no political rights • They could not own land