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Motion

Motion. Event that involves a change in the position or location of something. Definition. Motion is Relative. Relative – it is described compared to a REFERENCE POINT. Types of Motion. Uniform motion - constant speed in a straight line

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Motion

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  1. Motion

  2. Event that involves a change in the position or location of something. Definition

  3. Motion is Relative • Relative – it is described compared to a REFERENCE POINT

  4. Types of Motion • Uniform motion - constant speed in a straight line • Accelerated motion – motion that is changing in speed or direction • Circular motion - speed is constant but the direction of motion is changing continuously

  5. Scalar Quantities • Show magnitude [amount] only • Speed, time, temperature

  6. Vector Quantities • Show magnitude and direction • Velocity, acceleration, force • May be graphically represented • Arrows

  7. SpeedAverage Speed • Comparison of time and distance • A scalar quantity [magnitude only] • Distance traveled per unit time • S = d / t • T = d / s • D = s x t

  8. SpeedInstantaneous Speed • Speed at any instant

  9. SpeedConstant Speed • Speed that does not change • Instantaneous speed that does not change

  10. Velocity • Speed AND direction • A vector quantity [magnitude & direction]

  11. Acceleration • A change in velocity • Speeding up • Positive acceleration • Slowing down • Negative acceleration • Deceleration • Changing direction

  12. Forces • Pushes or pulls • May cause acceleration [changes in motion] • May also cause changes in shape

  13. Balanced Forces • All forces acting on an object are equal • There is no motion

  14. Unbalanced Forces • All forces acting on an object are not equal • One or more force is stronger than others • Motion occurs

  15. Net Force • The sum of all forces acting on an object • A net force of 0 • No motion • A net force of more than 0 • Motion occurs

  16. Resultant • Another term for net force

  17. Friction • Force that slows down motion • Air resistance creates friction in most situations

  18. Gravity • Force that attracts all objects toward each other • More mass = more gravity • Acceleration because of gravity is 9.8 m/s/s • All objects accelerate at the same rate

  19. Newton's Laws • Describe motion and changes in motion

  20. First Law of Motion • Law of inertia • Objects at rest [not moving] will not begin to move until a force acts on them • Objects in motion will not stop moving until a force acts on them • Objects with more mass have more inertia • Bigger objects are harder to start and stop

  21. Second Law of Motion • Law of acceleration • A force is needed to change motion • Objects accelerate in the direction of the force • The more force applied, then more acceleration • The more mass an object has, the more force is needed to accelerate the object

  22. Third Law of Motion • Law of action-reaction • Forces occur in pairs • The forces are equal and opposite • One force is an action force • The other force is a reaction force • The forces act on different objects

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