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Political and Religious Developments in Classical India (500 B.C.E. – 700 C.E.)

This lesson explores significant political and religious developments in Classical India from the end of the Mauryan Empire to the Islamic invasions. Students will learn about the rise and influence of the Bactrian and Indo-Greek kingdoms, the Kushan Empire, and the Gupta Empire. Additionally, the course covers the origins and essential elements of Mahayana Buddhism and Hinduism, focusing on the concept of syncretism as the blending of diverse belief systems during this era.

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Political and Religious Developments in Classical India (500 B.C.E. – 700 C.E.)

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  1. Lesson 4: Classical India 500 B.C.E. – 700 C.E. Lesson Question: What were the most important political and religious developments in Classical India? Lesson Objectives: The students will understand the general political developments in the Indian subcontinent between the end of the Mauryan Empire and the Islamic invasions. The students will also understand the origins and essential elements of Mahayana Buddhism and Hinduism during this period.

  2. Key Term: Syncretism

  3. Syncretism: Reconciliation or fusion of differing systems of belief, as in philosophy or religion, especially when success is partial or the result is heterogeneous.

  4. Classical Indian Civilization 500 B.C.E. – 700 C.E. Bactrian Kingdom c. 250 B.C.E. Indo-Greek Kingdom 190 B.C.E. – 50 C.E. Menander (Melindha) Questions of Melindha Greek Statues Gandharan Art Kushan Empire c. 100 – 240 C.E. Bodhisattvas Mahayana Buddhism Theravada Buddhism Gupta Empire 320 – 550 C.E. Magadha East and West Trade Sanskrit Secular Literature Kalidassi Hinduism Brahman Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva Bhakti (devotion)

  5. Alexander the Great’s Conquests

  6. Hellenistic Kingdoms

  7. Archaic Greek Statue

  8. Classical Greek Statue

  9. Classical Greek Statue

  10. Gandharan Buddha

  11. Gandharan Buddha

  12. Gandharan Bust of the Buddha

  13. Bodhisattva

  14. Bodhisattva

  15. Bodhissatva

  16. Hindu Temple

  17. Vishnu

  18. Shiva

  19. Brahma

  20. Hindu Temple at Khajurahao

  21. Hindu Temple in Orissa

  22. Formative Assessment: • The Bactrian Kingdom/Indo-Greek Kingdom (c. 332 B.C.E. – 50 C.E.) • The Kushan Empire (c. 100 – 300 C.E.) • The Gupta Empire (c. 320 – 550 C.E.) Explain how political and religious developments in these different eras of Indian history reflect the process of syncretism. Syncretism: Reconciliation or fusion of differing systems of belief, as in philosophy or religion, especially when success is partial or the result is heterogeneous.

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