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Understanding the Periodic Table and Key Scientific Concepts

This project explores essential scientific concepts including the periodic table's classification of metals, non-metals, transition metals, and noble gases. It outlines the scientific method, explaining variables (independent, dependent, controlled), hypotheses, and procedures, along with conclusions. It delves into the three states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) and discusses physical and chemical changes, solutions, physical properties, ionic and covalent bonds, Newton's laws, simple machines, and wave dynamics, providing a comprehensive overview of fundamental science.

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Understanding the Periodic Table and Key Scientific Concepts

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  1. YEAR END PROJECT By: Taylor Honaker

  2. Periodic table • Metals- a good conductor, shinny, (far left of the table) • Non-metals- opposite from metals, not shinny, not a good conductor • Transitional: type of metal that has a high melting point • Noble gasses: very stable, takes a lot for it to change, tasteless and odorless

  3. Scientific method • Research question: the question that is asked • Variables: IV- what you change DV- what happens as a result of what you change CV- what stays the same • Hypothesis: educated guess, if and then statement • Procedure: steps to complete your experiment • Conclusion: summary of your experiment

  4. Matter • Three types of matter: solid, liquid, and gas • Has mass and takes up space • Solid: tightly packed together, desk, chair, and book • Liquid: close together moving around touching, water, soda, milk • Gas: moving around far from each other, smoke, carbon and air • Freezing pt: liquid -> solid • Condensation: liquid -> gas • Sublimation: solid -> gas • Boling pt/evaporation: liquid -> gas • Melting pt: solid -> liquid • Deposition: gas -> solid

  5. Physical and chemical changes • Physical changes: when only the appearance changes- ripping paper, writing, spilling water, spilling paint, painting a picture. • chemical changes: when a new substance is formed- burning wood, burning paper, moldy bread, nail rusting, ash, vinegar and baking soda

  6. mixtures • Homogenous- when they are the same • Heterogeneous- when they are not the same solutions • When a substance is dissolved by another • Solvent- doing the dissolving • Solute- what’s being dissolved

  7. Physical properties • Malability- how well you can mold it- clay, snow play dough • Hardness- how hard an object is- diamond • Conductivity- how well heat and electricity moves through it- gold • Viscosity- how thick something is- blood, oil, sap • Solubility- how well an object dissolves in another- chalk in vinegar • Density- how thick and buoyant an object is MASS M D V VOLUME DENCITY

  8. Diagram electrons P-protons N-neutrons 2, 8, 8, 18, 18

  9. Ionic and covalent bounds • Ionic bounds- when atoms gain or lose electrons, happens between metals and non- metals, metals will ALWAYS lose there atoms, no more the 3 will be lost or gain • Covalent bounds- when electrons a shared between each other

  10. Newton's 3 laws • 1st- an object will stay in motion or still unless a force is applied to it • 2nd- the more mass an object has the more force you need to move is • 3rd- for ever action is an equal and opposite reaction

  11. Simple machines • Makes work easier for people • Wedge- anything that splits something • Pulley- uses to lift things • Screws- holds something together • Incline plane- something that moves something from low to high • Wheel and axle- wheel that sits on a axle • Lever- helps bring something up or down

  12. Waves • Where energy is moved from one place to another • Medium- anything and everything • Mechanical- needs a medium • Electromagnetic- doesn't need a medium • Infrasound- low pitch • Ultrasound- high pitch • Doppler affect- when a sound is near its loud but when far away its faint Trough Amplitude Wave length Crest

  13. Electromagnetic wave spectrum • A scale the tells the speed of the wave

  14. Steps to make lightning • Build up charge • Separation of charges • Relishing of charges

  15. Circuits • Simple- only one path for energy to flow • Parallel- many ways for it to flow Power source Switch Switch conductor conductor Power source Power device Power device Power source

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