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Chapter 15

Chapter 15. Nervous System and Common Behavioral Health Terms. Function of the Nervous System. The nervous system and the endocrine system cooperate in regulating and controlling the activities of the other body systems The nervous system may be divided into two parts:

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Chapter 15

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  1. Chapter 15 Nervous System and Common Behavioral Health Terms

  2. Function of the Nervous System • The nervous system and the endocrine system cooperate in regulating and controlling the activities of the other body systems • The nervous system may be divided into two parts: • central nervous system (CNS): made up of the brain and spinal cord • peripheral nervous system (PNS): made up of cranial and spinal nerves

  3. Central Nervous System • Brain: major portion of the central nervous system • cerebrum: largest portion of the brain, divided into right and left hemispheres; controls the skeletal muscles, interprets general senses (temp, pain, and touch), and contains centers for sight and hearing. Intellect, memory, and emotional reactions also take place in the cerebrum.

  4. Central Nervous System (cont’d) • Brain (cont’d) • ventricles: spaces within the cerebrum that contain a fluid called cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which flows through the subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord • cerebral spinal fluid (CSF): clear, colorless fluid to cushion the brain and spinal column from shock; transports nutrients, and clears metabolic waste

  5. Central Nervous System (cont’d) • Brain (cont’d) • cerebellum: often called the hindbrain located under the posterior portion of the cerebrum. Its function is to assist in the coordination of skeletal muscles and to maintain balance. • brainstem: stemlike portion of the brain; connects with the spinal cord.

  6. Central Nervous System (cont’d) • Brain (cont’d) • pons: literally means “bridge.” It connects the cerebrum with the cerebellum and brainstem. • medulla oblongata: located between pons and spinal cord; contains centers that control respiration, heart rate, and the muscles in the blood vessel walls, which assist in determining blood pressure.

  7. The “Silent” treatment but a good, quick overview • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HVGlfcP3ATI&feature=related

  8. Now let’s add some fun • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Li5nMsXg1Lk&feature=related

  9. More “in-depth” • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nd4i1QeSB1s

  10. Central Nervous System (cont’d) • Spinal cord • Passes through the vertebral canal extending from the medulla oblongata to the level of the 2nd lumbar vertebra; conducts nerve impulses to and from the brain and initiates reflex action to sensory information without input from the brain

  11. Central Nervous System (cont’d) • Spinal cord • meninges: 3 layers of membrane that cover the brain and spinal cord • dura mater: tough outer layer • arachnoid: delicate middle layer; the arachnoid membrane is loosely attached to the pia mater by weblike fibers, which allow for the subarachnoid space • pia mater: thin inner layer

  12. Brain and Spinal Cord

  13. Spinal Cord Showing Layers of Meninges

  14. Peripheral Nervous System • nerve: cordlike structure that carries impulses from one part of the body to another 12 pair of cranial nerves 31 pair of spinal nerves • ganglion: group of nerve cells located outside the central nervous system

  15. Cranial Nerves

  16. Where are these cranial nerves? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4rU5wk8Odjo

  17. Now review this list~ • http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/cranial.html

  18. The vagus nerve ~ many functions • The vagus nerve “wanders” through the abdomen and comes in contact with many body parts including the heart, lungs, larynx, stomach, and ears. It helps to regulate our heart beat, helps to make us breathe and helps to control our muscle movements. It innervates (sends nerve impulses) to the viscera (remember what this is?) and helps us in the digestive process.

  19. So, how can you control the vagus nerve when it’s not working correctly? • What is a vagotomy? Why do it? What can be some complications? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PdlqfdlSoT4&feature=related

  20. cerebell/o cerebr/o dur/o encephal/o gangli/o, ganglion/o mening/i, mening/o myel/o neur/o radic/o, radicul/o, rhiz/o Combining Forms for the Nervous System

  21. Combining Forms Commonly Used with the Nervous System • esthesi/o • ment/o, phren/o, psych/o • mon/o • phas/o • poli/o • quadr/i

  22. Prefix and Suffixes • Suffixes • -iatrist • -iatry • -ictal • -paresis

  23. Helpful Information • The combining form myel/o is defined as spinal cord in Chapter 15, although it also means bone marrow as presented in Chapter 14. • The suffix “-paresis” means slight paralysis while the suffix “-plegia” means paralysis.

  24. Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts • cerebellitis • cerebral thrombosis • duritis • encephalitis • encephalomalacia • gangliitis • meningitis • meningomyelocele

  25. Top, spina bifida. Bottom, (meninges / cv / (spinal cord) / cv / (protrusion).

  26. Disease and Disorder Terms Built From Word Parts (cont’d) • neurasthenia • neuritis • neuroarthropathy • neuroma • poliomyelitis • Polyneuritis

  27. Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built From Word Parts • Alzheimer’s disease (AD) • amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (Lou Gehrig’s disease) • Bell’s palsy • cerebral aneurysm • cerebral palsy (CP) • cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (stroke) • epilepsy

  28. Bell’s Palsy -Bell's Palsy occurs when the 7th cranial nerve becomes swollen or inflamed. The result is that your face appears to droop, your smile is one-sided, and your eye resists closing.

  29. Cerebrovascular Accident

  30. Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d) • multiple sclerosis (MS) • Parkinson’s disease (PD) • psychosis • sciatica • shingles • transient ischemic attack (TIA)

  31. So, what is MS? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0CrFs1iF30&feature=fvsr

  32. What causes Parkinson’s? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q458IgW-lLk • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ECkPVTZlfP8

  33. Shingles

  34. Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts • ganglionectomy • neurectomy • neuroplasty • neurorrhaphy • neurotomy • What is a vagotomy?

  35. Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts • Diagnostic imaging • cerebral angiograph • CT myelography • Neurodiagnostic procedures • electroencephalogram (EEG) • electroencephalography

  36. Diagnostic Terms Not Built from Word Parts • Diagnostic imaging • computed tomography of the brain (CT scan) • magnetic resonance imaging of the brain (MRI scan) • positron emission tomography of the brain (PET scan) What are the technologies?

  37. Diagnostic Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d) • Other • lumbar puncture (LP) also called a ?

  38. Lumbar Puncture with Needle in Place

  39. Most interesting development • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0CrFs1iF30&feature=fvsr

  40. anesthesia aphasia cephalalgia craniocerebral dysphasia hemiparesis hemiplegia intracerebral monoparesis neuroid neurologist panplegia psychogenic Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts

  41. coma concussion conscious convulsion incoherent paraplegia seizure shunt syncope Complementary Terms Not Built from Word Parts

  42. Common Psychiatric Disorders • anorexia nervosa • anxiety disorder • attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) • bipolar disorder • bulimia nervosa • obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) • panic attack • phobia • posttraumatic stress disorder

  43. AD ADHD ALS CP CSF CVA OCD PD PTSD TIA Abbreviations

  44. Now I know it is a bit early, but Jesse and I want to be the first to wish you Happy Holidays! • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ua-krVnLr4k&NR=1

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