Bell Ringer

1. Bell Ringer Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall. Humpty Dumpty had a great fall. All the King’s horses and all the king’s men Couldn’t put Humpty back together again. After reading the above carefully, explain how this nursery rhyme could be the story of the South after the Civil War. Think about the people that the rhyme is talking about. Who would this resemble in the Reconstruction Era?

2. Expectations for the beginning of class Looks Like: Sounds Like: Level 0- students should not be talking during the bell ringer (first 5 minutes of class) Students are looking at the board and completing the bell ringer Everyone remains seated Raise hand if you have a question

3. Reconstruction Plans Lincoln 10% of the state’s voters must pledge allegiance to the Union. South would not be punished, just wanted the U.S. united again. Slaves would be resettled by wartime generals (no real effort made)

4. Johnson Followed Lincoln’s plan, Southern states also had to approve 13th amendment Freedman’s Bureau to help freed slaves adjust to their new life Several minor punishments for the South

5. Radical Republicans Southern states were punished and put under military rule had to ratify the 14th amendment, and write new constitutions Rights were given to slaves, but black codes prevented some rights indirectly

6. Reconstruction Notes

7. Sad Day in the Union • April 14, 1865- Lincoln is shot in Ford’s Theatre by John Wilkes Booth. • Booth, a southern sympathizer, blamed the war on Lincoln and felt he was helping the south when he shot him. • However, he did more damage than good. Lincoln was the only one in government that was able to keep the “Radical Republicans” in check.

8. John Wilkes Booth

9. Johnson Takes Over • Andrew Johnson, a Tennessean, stayed in Congress after Tennessee sided with the CSA. • He was rewarded for his loyalty by being selected as Lincoln’s vice-president. • He becomes President when Lincoln dies

10. In his first action, Johnson added several more conditions to Lincoln’s plan. • Most Important- All of the southern states had to approve the Thirteenth Amendment, which made slavery illegal.

11. Checkpoint: Underline Answers • 1.) Who took over after Lincoln was assassinated? • 2.) What addition did this person put on Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan?

12. South Carolina’s Constitution of 1865 • A convention met in Columbia to adopt a new state constitution. • The document differed greatly from the one written when they joined the CSA. • Voting was still restricted to whites. • The people elected the governor and the presidential electors for the first time in the state’s history. • Owning land as a qualifier to hold office was also abolished.

13. Radical Reconstruction • By the time Johnson had taken control and announced his plan for reconstruction, the “Radical Republicans” had taken control of Congress. • The radicals initially vetoed Johnson’s plan, however, they still felt that it was too “easy” on the South.

14. Black Codes • The leaders of the secession were still in charge. • Black Codes- A series of laws intended to restrict the freedom and behavior of blacks. • Could not own weapons • Could not vote • Could not make or sell liquor

15. In some places, blacks were forbidden from opening their own businesses. • In South Carolina, the Black Codes prohibited blacks from holding certain jobs. • They could not move to the city. • The freedmen had access to the courts in cases involving other blacks. • The Black Codes prevented the freedmen from enjoying their freedom.

16. Checkpoint: Underline Answers • 1.) Under the SC Constitution of 1865, the state forbid what practice? • 2.) Under this constitution, what was the only group that could vote? • 3.) What problem did the Republicans have with Johnson? • 4.) What were the “Black Codes?”

17. Bell Ringer Answer the following review questions on your “Bell Ringer” page (RL #1) • In your own words, what is reconstruction? • Who became president after Lincoln? • List the 3 reconstruction plans. • What are black codes?

18. Answers • The rebuilding of the South after the Civil War. 2. Andrew Johnson. He was Lincoln’s VP, so he moved up when Lincoln was assassinated. 3. Lincoln’s 10%- 10% of voters had to pledge loyalty to the Union, easy on the South Johnson’s plan- Similar to Lincoln’s. Added the 13th amendment (abolished slavery), minimal consequences for the South Radical Republican Plan- Wanted to punish the South, added 14th amendment (equal rights) 4. Restrictions that kept freedmen from enjoying their freedom

19. Radical Republican Plan • The “Radical Republicans” believed that the southern states should be taught a lesson. • In 1867, they create a Radical Republican Reconstruction plan • The Southern states were put under military rule

20. Radical Republican Plan • Blacks were given the right to vote; most Southern whites lost the right • Congress had to decide if a state could be readmitted into the Union; Southern states had to write new Constitutions • Southern states also had to ratify the 14th Amendment

21. Problems Grow for Johnson • In 1866, he created the Freedman’s Bureau • However, the “Radical Republicans” overturned his veto of their reconstruction plan • The Fourteenth Amendment was passed by Congress in July of 1866, against Johnson’s will.

22. Problems Grow for Johnson • The Fourteenth Amendment (granted citizenship to newly-freed slaves) was passed by Congress in July of 1866, against Johnson’s will. • Basically, the RR’s began to call the shots and ignore Johnson

23. Problems Grow for Johnson • Finally, Johnson removes Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, a radical leader. • This leads the RR’s in Congress to impeach, or bring charges against, Johnson. • The Senate holds a trial for Johnson.

24. The Impeachment Trial • 54 Senators serve as the jury for Johnson’s trial. • 36 votes are needed to convict Johnson • If convicted, he would be removed office.

25. The Impeachment Trial • The Verdict: not guilty • Guilty: 35 • Not Guilty: 19 • Johnson survives! Because the Senate requires a 2/3 vote, Johnson is declared not guilty. However, he loses what little power and respect he has left.

26. Reconstruction in South Carolina • The “Radical Republican” plan was a approved in March of 1867. • South Carolina was placed under military control • South Carolina ratified the Thirteenth Amendment, but refused to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment.

27. Reconstruction in South Carolina • Before returning to the Union, South Carolina had to ratify the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments and write a new constitution (get rid of the 1865 one). • The Fifteenth Amendment granted black males the right to vote.

28. 1866 Constitution • The differences were many from earlier constitutions. • Most Important - Allmen were given the right to vote.

29. Other Groups in the South • Carpetbaggers- northern whites who had moved south after the war. • Many came south to take advantage of the South’s problems and make a lot of money. • Some did move south to help, though

30. Other Groups in the South • Scalawags – White Southerners who did not support the Confederacy • Both groups (along with blacks) were supporters of the Republican Party • All 3 groups were hated in the South

31. Other Groups in the South • The Ku Klux Klan was organized in Tennessee shortly after the war • It was created to intimidate blacks and keep them from voting • The Klan also targeted carpetbaggers and scalawags • The Klan used intimidation, violence, and fear to preserve the power of Southern whites

32. THE KU KLUX KLAN

33. The End of Reconstruction • Republicans control the South from 1866-1876 • Eventually, people in the North lose interest in Reconstruction • In 1876, President Hayes withdraws US troops from the South • Reconstruction ends

34. Reconstruction Amendments • What are they? • Read each amendment (XIII, XIV, XV p.421) INDEPENDENTLY

35. Expectations for working independently Looks Like: Sounds Like: Looking at paper Writing or doing what the task requires Everyone remains seated, except for turning in work Raise hand if you have a question Level 0- students should not be talking

36. Reconstruction Amendments • With your partner, complete the questions for each reconstruction amendment. • Remember: on task, level 2 speaking voice