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Absolutism and Enlightenment

This overview explores the development of absolutism during the age of empire building, marked by figures like Cardinal Richelieu and King Louis XIV in France. It highlights the mechanisms of control over armed forces, the legal system, and economic resources, while reducing the power of the church and nobility. The English response involved the struggles of Charles I, Oliver Cromwell, and the eventual Glorious Revolution, led by William and Mary, which reinstated civil liberties and represented a pivotal rejection of absolutism.

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Absolutism and Enlightenment

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  1. Absolutism and Enlightenment

  2. Absolutism • Complete sovereignty within territories • Some felt it was the only way to reestablish control • Coming during the age of Empire building • Colonial activities on the rise • Conflict continuous • Goals: gather control of armed forces, legal system, right to collect and spend resources

  3. How it Worked in France • Movement constructed by Cardinal Richelieu • Nation able to rule despite competence of ruler • Reduce influence of church and nobility • Did not live to see completion • Became model for other countries • King Louis XIV: brings absolutism to it heights • Builds upon Richelieu’s framework • Concentrate royal powers to produce domestic and personal tranquility

  4. The Sun King • Versailles: Palace of luxury, tool to control nobility and middle class • Place of theatrical performances on a royal scale • Court required to stay part of the year • Taxes • Levied many taxes to generate revenue for expansion activities • Nobility exempt from heavy land taxes

  5. Cont….. • Removes the Estates-General: French national assembly • Increases authority and power • Template for Absolutism • Attempt to take on religion weakens power

  6. English Response to Absolutism • 17th century sees threatened representative assembly • Charles I tries to rule without parliament and impose religious authority • Civil War ensues • Oliver Cromwell enters picture on side of parliament • Military control for the next decade

  7. Restoration of Monarchy • King Charles II: beacon of hope and restoration • Observe Magna Carta • Inspired by all things French, recognized limitations though • Relationship with parliament tense but realistic • Religion an area of contention with parliament

  8. James II • Takes throne after Charles’ death • Catholicism back • Removal of religious tolerance, encouraged all to convert • Clergy required to read his decrees, many imprisoned • Parliament takes action

  9. William and Mary • Glorious Revolution led by William and Mary • Very little bloodshed, establish power • English civil liberties re-established • Land owners reap most benefits • Trial by jury, habeas corpus • Demonstrates rejection of Absolutism

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