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World War II in the Pacific

World War II in the Pacific. PHS 2013. Pearl Harbor. December 7, 1941 “A day that will live in infamy” FDR Over 4,500 Americans are killed/wounded Many Battle ships are sunk and damaged. Germany Italy Japan. Axis Powers in WW II. Liberty Ships. Lightly armed cargo (merchant) ships

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World War II in the Pacific

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  1. World War II in the Pacific PHS 2013

  2. Pearl Harbor • December 7, 1941 • “A day that will live in infamy” FDR • Over 4,500 Americans are killed/wounded • Many Battle ships are sunk and damaged.

  3. Germany Italy Japan Axis Powers in WW II

  4. Liberty Ships • Lightly armed cargo (merchant) ships • Built quickly during the second world war. • Carried supplies to Europe across U-boat infested Atlantic during the war.

  5. Average time to build a Liberty Ship was 70 days. • One ship was built in less than 5 days! • 2700 were built from 1942 till the end of the war.

  6. At the start of the program, 30% of the ships suffered structural failures!

  7. Doolittle Raid • April 18, 1942 16 B-25 Bombers attack Tokyo. • None of the planes make it back to their carriers. • Attack raised morale in the U.S. but wasn’t effective.

  8. The Philippine Islands • General Douglas MacArthur Supreme Allied Commander in Pacific • 1942 leaves Philippines, but promises to return. • May 6, 1942 American forces surrender at Corregidor.

  9. Japanese advance on Philippines 1942

  10. Americans captured at Corregidor 1942

  11. Bataan Death March • 5,000 American soldiers die during the six to twelve day march after their capture in the Philippines.

  12. Battle of Midway • June 3-6 1942, • American planes sink the four aircraft carriers that attacked Pearl Harbor!

  13. “The turning point of the war in the Pacific”. • Japan’s offensive capability was broken.

  14. U.S. was able to crack Japanese codes • Carriers USS Enterprise, USS Saratoga and USS Hornet sent to intercept task force.

  15. Without aircraft carriers, Japan’s offensive capability was broken. • US Aircraft carrier lost at Midway

  16. Island Hopping • U.S. strategy that hopped over and avoided smaller islands to get closer to Japan

  17. Island Hopping in the Pacific • The two main goals of the U.S. in the Pacific were: • I. to regain the Philippines. • II. to invade Japan. • island hopping used islands as stepping-stones towards Japan.

  18. 1944 • American forces win back the Philippines. • General Douglas MacArthur declares: • “I have returned!” • MacArthur speech

  19. Iwo Jima • Island captured Feb-March 1945 • Marines raise flag on Mt. Surabachi • 3 of the six pictured are killed within the next month • Iwo

  20. The photograph became the only photograph to win the Pulitzer Prize in the same year as its publication, and ultimatelycame to be regarded as one of the most significant and recognizable images of the war, and possibly the most reproduced photograph of all time.

  21. The Battle of Okinawa • April - June 1945 • Lasts 82 days • Small island only 600 miles away from Japan.

  22. Okinawa • One of the bloodiest battles of the Pacific. • War correspondent Ernie Pyle’s body

  23. Okinawa • Japanese begin using the kamikaze pilots. • Japanese military is becoming desperate as Allied forces get closer to Japan.

  24. April 12, 1945FDR suffers a stroke and dies. • Harry S. Truman becomes 33rd President. • April 25, 1945, Soviet troops reach Berlin.

  25. April 29, Adolf Hitler commits suicide. May 8, 1945, Germany surrenders unconditionally.

  26. · The endless procession of German prisoners marching through the ruined city streets to captivity. ·

  27. V-E Day Celebrations in New York City, May 8, 1945.

  28. Defeat of Japan U.S. plans to invade Japan in 1945 Experts warned that the invasion could cost over a million casualties. · Upon learning about the atomic bomb, Pres. Truman sent the Japanese the Potsdam Declaration warns Japan to surrender or face “prompt and utter destruction.” Stalin, Truman and Churchill at the Potsdam Conference.

  29. · Unaware of the atomic bombs, the Japanese ignored the Potsdam Declaration. The first atomic bomb ever made was a uranium-enriched bomb. It was dropped on the city of Hiroshima, Japan, on August 6, 1945.

  30. Atom (1945) to H bomb (1952)

  31. Harry S. Truman • 1945- decides to drop the nuclear bomb on Japan • would end the war sooner • save more American lives.

  32. B-29 • Long-range bomber developed by the U.S. Army. • Modified to carry the nuclear bomb.

  33. Hiroshima • August 1945, target of the first atomic bomb.

  34. Hiroshima

  35. At the hypocenter the pressure reached 35 tons per square meter. • The initial shock wave was followed by winds up to 440 meters per second.

  36. Temperatures reached 4,000 degrees Celsius at the impact center. • Fireball created a supersonic shock wave and pressures of several hundred thousand atmospheres.

  37. Ohmura Navy Hospital: A 14 year old girl after the bombing of Hiroshima at Ohmura Navy Hospital on August 10-11.

  38. Severe burns. Only his waist was protected from a burn by a waistband he wore (within 1km from the hypocenter).

  39. Kimono pattern. Burned areas on the back and on the dorsal portion of the upper arm show that thermal rays penetrated the black or the dark colored parts of kimono she wore.

  40. Number of Atomic Bomb Casualties: Hiroshima and Nagasaki In 10,000’s Deaths Injuries

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