Brainstem Mesencephalon Pons Medulla oblongata ■ nuclei of CN III - XII ■ connection to the cerebellum ■ large reticular formation
CN III CN IV, V CN VI, VII, VIII CN IX, X, XI CN XII Ventral aspect
■ IV. ventricle ■roof of the IV. ventricle: velum medullare sup. fastigium velum medullare inf. = tela choroidea ventriculi IV.(ependyma + pia mater) + vessels → plexus choroideus ■CNIV Dorsal aspect
■ floor of the IV. ventricle Fossa rhomboidea Dorsal aspect
A A B B A A B B Structure of the brainstem Spinal cord Pons
GSE BE Functional zones of the brainstem Afferents from senses SA GSA alar GVA Sulcus limitans basal GVE Inervation of muscles (from branchial arches)
Gray matter of the brainstem ■ nuclei of dorsal columns ■ nuclei of cranial nerves ■ nuclei of RF ■ nuclei connected to the cerebellum ■ motor nuclei of the brainstem White matter of the brainstem ■ ascending tracts ■ descending tracts from the cortex and brainstem
Sensory Motor (afferent) (efferent) GSE CN III, IV, VI, XII BE CN V, VII, IX, X, XI Ncl. ambiguus GVE CN III, VII, IX, X GVA CN VII, IX, X Ncl. solitarius GSA CN V SA CN VII,IX,X + VIII Ncl. gustatorius
Medulla oblongata CN IX, X, XI, XII
Parsinferiorfossaerhomboideae
Medullaoblongata Caudal section Rostral section
ncl + f gracilis Caudal section ncl + f cuneatus ncl + tr solit ncl + trspCN V ncl o (p) CN X FR ncl o CN XII co-sp lat sp - cer a p Decussatio pyramidum ncl o CN X+XI ru-sp re-sp sp-th,te,re te-sp v-s co- sp
ncll vest Rostral section ncl+tr sol ncl cuneatus ncl o (p) CN IX tr. cuneo-cer Ped. cer. inf. ncl o CN XII FLD ncl+tr sp CN V tr. te-sp ncl o CN IX r-s- LM CN IX v-s sp- c tr. olivo-cer ncll olivares tr.co-sp CN XII
Pons Varoli CN V, VI, VII, VIII
Pars media et superior fossae rhomboideae
Pons Varoli Rostral section Caudal section
Caudal section ncll. vestib. ncl o (p) CN VII ncl o CN VI ncl gust. FLD ncl+tr sp CN V tr. sp-ce ant tr. te-sp ncl o CN VII tr. ru-sp LL ncll. cochl. LM Corp. trapezoid. CN VII ncll pontis tr. co-sp CN VI
Rostral section ped. cer sup ncl+tr m CN V ncl o CN V FLD ncl s p CN V tr. te-sp LL LM tr. ru-sp ncll pontis ped.cer med CN V tr. co-sp
Mesencephalon CN IV CN III
Mesencephalon ■ crura cerebri ■tegmentum ■ tectum
Caudal section Rostral section
Caudal section CN IV ncl coll inf LL ncl m CN V ncl o CN IV LM FLD oc,p,t-po tr. te-sp substantia nigra co-ncl tr. ru-sp co-sp co-ncl fr-po
ncl coll sup Rostral section Aq. cerebri FLD LL ncl o CN III ncl o (p) CN III LM ncl ruber oc,p,t-po tr. te-sp co-ncl substantia nigra tr. ru-sp co-sp CN III co-ncl fr-po
Reticular formation ■between aferent and motor systems ■ spinal cord – diencephalon 1 2 Nuclei of RF 1median, single (raphe system) 2medial, paired 3lateral, paired Olivary ncll. Red ncl. 3
Function ■ Somatic motor control ■Pattern generation ■Vital centers (circulation, respiration) ■ Blood pressure control ■Respiratory rythm ■ Bladder control ■Conveys somatic and visceral information to the cerebellum ■Sleeping and waking ( Ascending Reticular Activating System) ■ Pain modulation
Illustrations were copiedfrom: • Atlas der Anatomie des Menschen/ Sobotta. Putz,R., und Pabst,R. 20. Auflage. München: Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1993 • Netter: Interactive Atlas of Human Anatomy. Windows Version 2.0
