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The Main Causes of World War I: Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism

World War I was ignited by a complex interplay of causes known as the MAIN factors: Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in June 1914 triggered a series of events leading to war, as Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. Militarism fueled an arms race, while alliances like the Central Powers and the Triple Entente escalated the conflict. Imperialism led to fierce competition for colonies, and rising nationalism inflamed tensions. Key incidents such as the sinking of the Lusitania and the Zimmermann Note further entangled the nations into war.

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The Main Causes of World War I: Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism

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  1. How did World War I begin? Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Sinking of the Lusitania Zimmerman Note

  2. The MAIN Causes MILITARISM- aggressive build up of armed forces, as preparation for war ALLIANCE SYSTEM- countries agreed to defend each other if attacked IMPERIALISM- caused competition for new markets and colonies in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific NATIONALISM- having pride in your country, willing to defend your nation

  3. Alliances to know: Central Powers (formerly Triple Alliance)Germany Austria-HungaryOttoman Empire BulgariaTriple Entente (later known as the Allies)Great BritainFranceRussiaUnited StatesItaly

  4. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand June 1914- The Archduke, heir to the Austrian throne, was visiting Bosnian capital of Sarajevo Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip shoots and kills Ferdinand and wife Sophia Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia How did this lead to WWI? Which of the MAIN causes apply?

  5. Sinking of the Lusitania May 7, 1915 British liner Lusitania sank by German U-boat (Unterseeboot) akasubmarine 1,198 die, 128 Americans among the dead US public angry, turns against Germany Germany defends sinking Lusitania; said ship was carrying ammunition Germany continues unrestricted submarine warfare How long before US declares war on Germany? Some historians ask, “Is the sinking of the Lusitania really a cause?”

  6. Zimmermann Note A German telegram sent to German ambassador in Mexico and intercepted by British agents Telegram proposed an alliance between Mexico and Germany Promised that if war w/ US broke out; Germany would support Mexico Mexico would get back “lost” territory in TX, New Mexico, and Arizona as a reward

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