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Understanding Behaviorist Learning: Classical Conditioning and Its Key Assumptions

This text explores the fundamentals of behaviorist learning, emphasizing the significant role of classical conditioning as discovered by pioneers like Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner. Key assumptions include the parsimony principle and associationism, which highlights that learning is a permanent change in behavior resulting from experiences with stimuli. The description covers essential concepts such as neutral stimuli, unconditioned responses, and conditioned emotional responses, demonstrating how rewards and punishments shape behavior.

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Understanding Behaviorist Learning: Classical Conditioning and Its Key Assumptions

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  1. The Mind Doesn’t Matter The Assumptions of the Behaviorist

  2. Learning • Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior which occurs as a result of experience. • The learning is a result of the relationship between behavior (response) and events (stimuli)

  3. Assumptions • Parsimony - Occam's Razorone should not increase, beyond what is necessary, the number of entities required to explain anything • Associationism -the doctrine supported by Aristotle, Hume and others that mental processes are based on forming connections between ideas or events.

  4. John Locke and J.S. Mill • “reward and punishment … are the spur and reins whereby all mankind are set on work, and guided.” • Today we talk about the “carrot and the stick”

  5. The Pioneers • Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) • Edward L. Thorndike (1874-1949) • John B. Watson (1878-1958) • B. F. Skinner (1904-1990)

  6. Ivan Pavlov • Discovered “Classical Conditioning” • Was a Russian physiologist who discovered a link between reflexes and an “anticipatory response”.

  7. Classical Conditioning Also known as a neutral stimulus

  8. Assignment • Find an advertisement from any newspaper or magazine. • Examine the conditioning techniques used. • Write a brief report on the elements. • Be prepared to be randomly selected to present your report. • Due Friday

  9. Neutral Stimulus Unconditioned stimulus Unconditioned response Conditioned Stimulus Conditioned response Stimulus Generalization Stimulus Discrimination Extinction Spontaneous Recovery Key Terms in Classical Conditioning

  10. Training • In the absence of training generalization will occur. • Stimulus Discrimination requires training • In some cases extinction will not occur.

  11. John B. Watson • Conditioned Emotional Responses • Watson and Rayner with Little Albert • Conditioned Drug and Immune Responses

  12. Little Albert • Neutral Stimulus = Rat • Unconditioned (al) stimulus = Loud Noise • Unconditioned(al) Response = fear • Conditioned Stimulus = Rat • Conditioned Response = Fear

  13. Higher Order Conditioning

  14. Higher Order Conditioning

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