1. Myth No pain, no gain. Fact Pain is not a sign of a good workout. Rather, pain is a signal from your body that you are working too hard or you have an injury. Continuing to exercise through the pain could lead to a more serious injury. Where do you think most teens get their information about muscles? How factual do you think their information is?

2. Section 11.2 Your Muscular System Goals/Objectives Describe the functions of the three types of muscles. Explain how you can keep your muscular system healthy.

3. Key Terms Muscular System The body system that consists of muscles that provide motion and maintain posture.

4. The Muscles in Your Body • Muscles move your eyes as you read. • Muscles in your chest allow you to breathe. • Muscles in your heart pump your blood. • Every time your body moves, muscles are at work.

5. Types of Muscle Your body has three types of muscle tissue that perform different functions. • Smooth muscle - is involuntary muscle that found in many internal organs. causes movements within your body. • Cardiac muscle - is involuntary muscle that is found only in the heart. • Skeletal muscles – is voluntary muscle tissue that is attached to bones you control to do activities, such as walk or play a musical instrument.

6. Voluntary vs Involuntary Muscles • Voluntary muscle is a muscle that a person can control. • Involuntary muscle is a muscle that functions without a person’s control.

7. How Muscles Work • All muscles do work by contracting, or becoming shorter and thicker. • Many skeletal muscles work in pairs. • One muscle in the pair contracts to move the bone in one direction. • Then, the other muscle in the pair contracts to move the bone back.

8. Muscle Pairs Biceps contracted Triceps relaxed Biceps relaxed Triceps contracted

9. Tendons • A thick strand of tissue called a tendon attaches a muscle to a bone.

10. Muscle Tone • Even when a skeletal muscle is not contracting to cause movement, a few of its individual muscle fibers are still contracting. • Contractions tense and firm the muscle. • This slight tension is called muscle tone. • Muscles that cannot contract due to injury, or are not used often, will weaken and shrink, a condition known as atrophy.

11. 1 The Muscular System 2 8 3 4 1) Frontalis 8) Biceps 5 9 2) Temporalis 9) Triceps 10 3) Trapezius 10) External oblique 11 4) Deltoid 11) Rectus abdominus 5) Pectoralis major 12) Quadriceps muscles 6 6) Sartorius 12 13) Gastrocnemius 13 7) Tibialis anterior 7

12. 1 The Muscular System 2 8 3 4 1) __________ 8) __________ 5 9 2) __________ 9) __________ 10 3) __________ 10) __________ 11 4) __________ 11) __________ 5) __________ 12) __________ 6 6) __________ 12 13) __________ 13 7) __________ 7

13. Frontalis 26 31 27 28 29 32 33 34 Sartorius 35 30 Gastrocnemius

14. Keeping Healthy • You can maintain a healthy muscular system by regularly participating in different types of exercise. • To help prevent injuries, exercise sessions should include a warm-up and cool-down period.

15. Working Your Muscles • Some types of exercise increase a muscle’s endurance—how long it can contract without tiring. • Other exercises make individual fibers grow, which causes the muscles to thicken and increase in strength. • Anabolic steroids - are artificial forms of the male hormone testosterone.

16. Avoiding Muscle Injuries • Strains- A muscle strain, or a pulled muscle, is a painful injury that may happen when muscles are overworked or stretched too much or too quickly. • Tendonitis - Overuse of tendons may lead to painful swelling and irritation called tendonitis. • Prevent injuries • regular strengthening and stretching exercises • vary your exercise routine • warm up and cool down • stop exercising if you feel a sharp or sudden pain

17. Preventing Muscle Cramps • A muscle cramp is a strong, uncontrolled muscle contraction. • To relieve a cramp, try massaging the affected area and exercising the limb gently. • Stretching and drinking plenty of water before and during exercise can help you avoid muscle cramps.

18. Questions • Identify 3 types of muscle and describe location and function of each. • What is a tendon? • Explain what causes muscle tone? • What causes the condition known as atrophy? • What can you do to prevent muscle injuries? • What is the cause of a muscle strain? • Why is it an advantage that you do not have control over all of your muscles? • Describe how a muscle pair in your thigh would work to bend and then straighten your knee. • What type of muscle helps your to move your jaw to chew food? • Name an exercise that builds muscle endurance.