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Calibration Sources for Low and High Energy Gamma and X-ray Detection in DAMA

The DAMA project utilizes various external calibration sources for both low and high energy gamma and X-ray detection. Low energy sources include 241Am (59.5 keV gamma), 133Ba (81.0 keV gamma), and 40K (3.2 keV X-ray/Auger electron). High energy sources feature 137Cs (662 keV), 60Co (1173 and 1332 keV), and 133Ba (81 and 356 keV). Calibration ensures accuracy in detecting radiological events and enhances the performance of NaI detectors, with additional sources like 57Co and 22Na being explored for calibration purposes.

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Calibration Sources for Low and High Energy Gamma and X-ray Detection in DAMA

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  1. DAMA Calibrations – low energy • External sources • 241Am: 59.5 keV gamma • Used as regular calibration during run • 133Ba: 81.0 keV gamma • Internal • 40K: 3.2 keV X-ray/Auger electron • 125I: 40.4 keV (composite) and 67.3 keV gammas and/or X- rays and/or Auger electrons • 129I: (cosmogenic): 39.6 keV gamma plus β • 210Pb: 46.5 keV X-ray (following decay to excited 210Bi)

  2. DAMA Calibrations – high energy • 133Ba: 81 keV and 356 keV • 137Cs: 662 keV • 60Co: 1173 keV, 1332 keV (combined 2505 keV) • 40K: 1461 keV (tagged with 3.2 keV X-ray)

  3. Typical Calibration Sources for NaI Detectors • Possible calibration sources: • 57Co, 133Ba, 22Na, 137Cs, 54Mn, 60 Co, 208Tl

  4. Candidate low-energy (<100 keV) calibration sources • 109Cd: 88 keV • 133Ba: 81 keV • 241Am: 60 keV • 57Co: 14 keV (9%) • 55Fe: 5.90 keV (Mn X-Ray)

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