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Neutralization

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This comprehensive overview of neutralization covers the fundamental properties of acids and bases, including their pH levels and the ions they release. It explains the neutralization reaction as the interaction between an acid and a base, leading to the formation of salt and water. Key chemical equations, such as HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O, illustrate this process. The importance of neutralization is highlighted with real-world applications, including antacid usage and the treatment of acid lakes. Discover how titration can predict the amount of acid needed to neutralize a base.

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Neutralization

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  1. Neutralization

  2. The story so far….. H+ Acids give off ________ ions and have pH values __________________ less than 7 HCl, H2SO4, H3PO4…. OH- Bases give off ________ ions and have pH values __________________ more than 7 NaOH, Ca(OH)2, KOH….

  3. Neutralization: The reaction of an acid and a base to form neutral products. General Reaction: Acid + Base  Salt + Water

  4. Examples: Hydrochloric + Sodium  Sodium + Water Acid Hydroxide Chloride HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H2O Key Reaction: H+ + OH-  H2O

  5. Example 2: Potassium fluoride Hydrofluoric + Potassium  + Acid Hydroxide __________ _________ Water H2O HF + KOH  _______ + ______ KF This equation is already balanced!

  6. Example 3: Sulfuric + Sodium  + Acid Hydroxide __________ ______ Sodium Sulfate Water H2O Na2SO4 H2SO4 + NaOH  _______ + _____ The final balanced equation….. H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O

  7. Applications • Antacid medications • - mild bases used to neutralize extra stomach acid e.g. TUMS

  8. Neutralizing Acid Lakes • - pollutants like CO2, SO2 ,NO2 mix with water to form acid precipitation - this causes acid lakes and soil • Adding a base like LIME (calcium hydroxide) can neutralize acidic lakes and soil

  9. Prediction: How many drops of HCl will be needed to neutralize 10 drops of NaOH? Demonstration- Acid Base Titration Purpose: to neutralize sodium hydroxide (NaOH) using hydrochloric acid (HCl). What will be the final pH value after neutralizing?

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