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Understanding Electrical Components: Circuits, Resistors, Capacitors, and More

This guide explores key electrical components crucial to building effective circuits. Learn about resistors that inhibit current, capacitors that store energy temporarily, and transistors that amplify signals. Discover the functions of diodes, LED indicators, variable resistors for controlling power, and transformers that adjust voltage for efficient circuit operation. The text also covers batteries as energy sources and key switches for circuit control. Each component plays a vital role in ensuring the optimal performance of electrical systems.

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Understanding Electrical Components: Circuits, Resistors, Capacitors, and More

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  1. Electricity Part 2

  2. Building Electrical Circuits Components

  3. Components • Resistors • Inhibits (resists) the flow of electricity • Like debris in a drain slows the flow of water • Measured in Ohms • Symbol

  4. Components Non-polarized • Capacitors • Allow Alternating Current (AC) to flow • Block Direct Current (DC) • Store electricity temporarily • Measured in microfarads (μF) • Symbols Polarized

  5. Components • Transistors • Uses • amplify weak signals • oscillator • allow signals to flow in pulses • switch • to connect or disconnect other components

  6. PNP NPN Components • Transistors have 3 connections • C – Collector • B – Base • E – Emitter • Symbols C C B B E E

  7. Components • Diodes • Allow electricity to flow in only ONE direction • Acts like a valve in a water pipe • Symbol

  8. Components • LED’s – Light Emitting Diodes • Allow electricity to flow in only ONE direction • Give off light • Used as indicators • Symbol

  9. Components • Control • A variable (changing) resistor • Used as a dimmer, volume control, etc. • Symbol

  10. Components • Semiconductor (Cadmium Sulfide Cell- CdS) • Conducts electricity AND partially resists it at the same time • Special device used as an automatic control. • Symbol λ

  11. Components Wait... NO! NO! NO! • Transformer • A device used to increase or decrease electricity’s voltage and current to “match” other circuits so they function efficiently • Symbol That's better!

  12. Components • Speaker • converts electrical energy into acoustical (sound) energy • Earphones • Also converts electrical energy into acoustical energy • Best to hear very weak sounds • Symbols

  13. Components • Battery • A "cell" • A device in which the reaction between two chemical substances can convert chemical energy into useful electricity • Symbol

  14. A B Components “Key” switch • Switch • Used to connect or disconnect electrical components • When “thrown” it completes the circuit allowing electricity to flow. • Symbols “toggle” switch

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