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REDUCING OUR FOOTPRINT Unit 3-1b How To Measure Water Quality

REDUCING OUR FOOTPRINT Unit 3-1b How To Measure Water Quality. Is This Safe To Drink?!?. How Is Water Evaluated?. Traditional Water Testing – Uses both chemical and physical tests to evaluate the condition of water It is beneficial because…

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REDUCING OUR FOOTPRINT Unit 3-1b How To Measure Water Quality

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  1. REDUCING OUR FOOTPRINTUnit 3-1b How To MeasureWater Quality Is This Safe To Drink?!?

  2. How Is Water Evaluated? • Traditional Water Testing – Uses both chemical and physical tests to evaluate the condition of water • It is beneficial because… • The standards of good water quality are universal • It can quickly determine the exact cause of a disturbance • However it is limited because… • It only checks for specific chemicals or factors • Results can be affected greatly by the weather

  3. Make a chart like this: Test What it measures How Leave some space at the bottom of the page.

  4. Traditional Water Tests Turbidity – Measures the concentration of undissolved particles that make water appear cloudy or murky Measured with a Secchi disc or Turbidity tube Which of these tools would be used to measureturbidity for a stream and which is used for a lake?

  5. Traditional Water Tests Total Dissolved Solids – Measures the concentration of dissolved solids including salt (NaCl) and other substances pH – Concentration ofhydrogen ions (H+); Canindicate acid precipitation in the area Nitrates & Phosphates– Nutrients that are usedin fertilizers & depositedin lakes and bays causingeutrophication These are all determined using chemical indicators

  6. Traditional Water Tests Dissolved Oxygen – Needed by fish & other organisms; Effected by excessive algae or high temperatures Sometimes fish come to thesurface for air if dissolvedoxygen levels are very low! Biological Oxygen Demand– The BOD measures theamount of oxygen used bybacteria that break downwaste (feces) over five days If the oxygen level drops significantly within five days,describe the bacteria population & their food source. These are all determined using chemical indicators

  7. Traditional Water Tests Fecal Coliform – A measure of the bacteria released by the decomposition of feces These bacteria coloniescan be cultured in a Petri dish Change in Temperature – This ismeasured from distant locationsat the site to find variations Lake Michigan has temperature variations from 40oF – 75oF.

  8. Calculating Water Quality Water Quality Index – The WQI is a score based upon results from nine different chemical & physical tests Calculating water quality is similar tofinding your marking period grade. Some assignments, like tests,carry more weight and havea greater effect on your average. The Q-Value for each test showswhich tests are most important tothe overall health of the ecosystem. What is the most important factor whenevaluating water quality using the WQI?

  9. Let’s Review…  What have you learned in this unit? 1. What are the advantages &disadvantages of traditionalwater testing? 2. How can a powerful stormaffect a pond’s WQI score? 4. Explain the causes and effectsof eutrophication. 5. Describe the importance ofdissolved oxygen in an aquatic ecosystem.

  10. REDUCING OUR FOOTPRINTUnit 3-1c BioassessmentOf An Ecosystem

  11. What Is Bioassessment? • Bioassessment – Using biological factors to evaluate the health of an ecosystem. • It is beneficial because… • It shows the true biological effects of a disturbance • Recent disturbances can be detected even if the chemical pollutant has disappeared • If a pollutant was dumped in a river three months ago,those chemicals might have washed away but the effects of it on organisms can still be observed.

  12. How To Bioassess An Ecosystem • Macroinvertebrates - Species without backbones that are large enough to be seen without a microscope • These include types of insects, worms, andshellfish. • They are collected… • Using a variety of nets • By looking under rocks, near vegetation or in sediment

  13. Indicators Of A Healthy Ecosystem In a healthy North American river you’ll find… Pollution Sensitive Species Mayfly, Caddisfly, Planaria & Mussels As more & more of these disappear, you’ll see more… Pollution Semi-Tolerant Species Dragonfly, Damselfly, Scud & Clams As more & more of these disappear, you’ll see more… Pollution Tolerant Species Midge, Mosquito, Leech & Snail

  14. Understanding The IBI Score Index of Biological Integrity - The IBI is a grade for an ecosystem based upon the organisms living there. Higher populations ofpollution-sensitive species willshow the water is clean andresult in a higher IBI score. Disadvantage -each test is unique to aspecific ecosystem. New Jersey, Texas & Alaska have different native species, so each needs a different assessment.

  15. Hand In Your Student Notes  What have you learned in this unit? 1. What are the advantages anddisadvantages of using bioassessment? 2. Describe how and wheremacroinvertebrates are collected. 3. Identify three species that canbe used to identify water quality. 4. Explain how to determine theIBI Score for a pond or river?

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