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Chapter 15

Chapter 15. Principles of Metabolic Regulation: Glucose and Glycogen Part 2. Learning Goals: Know. How Insulin works to affect genes for gluconeogenesis. How glycogen breakdown works. How liver cells get glycogen converted to glucose not in the presence of hexokinase. Why?

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Chapter 15

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  1. Chapter 15 Principles of Metabolic Regulation: Glucose and Glycogen Part 2

  2. Learning Goals: Know • How Insulin works to affect genes for gluconeogenesis. • How glycogen breakdown works. • How liver cells get glycogen converted to glucose not in the presence of hexokinase. Why? • How Glycogen synthesis works beginning with glycogenin. • How the Cori cycle works. • Regulation of Glycogen synthase and Glycogen Phosphorylase.

  3. PEP Carboxykinase Regulatory Region is Complex

  4. Glycogen Granules, Liver Cell

  5. Glycogen Phosphorylase

  6. Glycogen Phosphorylase and Debranching Enzyme

  7. Phosphoglucomutase

  8. Liver Transports Glucose to Blood Not a Cytoplasmic Enzyme

  9. Glycogen Synthase uses UDP-glucose Synthase or Synthetase There is a difference!

  10. NDP-sugar Pyrophosphorylase + H2O

  11. Glycogen Synthase

  12. Branching EnzymeAmylo (14) to (16) Transglycosylase

  13. Glycogenin

  14. The Cori’s

  15. Discovered Various Glycogen Diseases

  16. Cori Cycle in Rapid Exercising Muscle and other ways Muscle becomes Anaerobic

  17. Cori Cycle

  18. Covalent Modification

  19. Discovery of c-AMP 9

  20. Glycogen Phosphorylase Regulation EOC Problem 6: Physiological function of Glycogen Phosphorylase. EOC Problem 7: Looks at Phosphorylase Eq in relationship to regulation. EOC Problem 8: More on Phosphorylase Regulation.

  21. Phosphorylation Cascade with Ca++ and AMP

  22. Phosphorylase is Also Regulated by Glucose Allosterically EOC Problem 10: glycogen breakdown in migrating birds vs. a fleeing rabbit.

  23. Glycogen Synthase Regulation

  24. Glycogen Synthase Kinase

  25. GSK3 is Phosphorylated to Inactivity

  26. Glycogen Synthase and Phosphorylase Are a Protein Module

  27. EOC Problem 15 is all about going from high blood glucose to low blood glucose.

  28. Difference Between Liver and Muscle

  29. Things to Know and Do Before Class • How Insulin works to affect genes for gluconeogenesis. • How glycogen breakdown works. • How liver cells get glycogen converted to glucose not in the presence of hexokinase. Why? • Glycogen synthesis beginning with glycogenin. • How the Cori cycle works. • Regulation of Glycogen synthase and Glycogen Phosphorylase. • EOC Problems 6-8, 10, 15

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