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Relations Between Human and Nonhuman Animals. Food, clothing Pets, bird feeders Entertainment Zoos, hunting, fishing, bird watching, snorkling Human incursions on animal habitats Pest control Flee spray, extermination, rodent control. Relations Between Human and Nonhuman Animals.
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Relations Between Human and Nonhuman Animals • Food, clothing • Pets, bird feeders • Entertainment • Zoos, hunting, fishing, bird watching, snorkling • Human incursions on animal habitats • Pest control • Flee spray, extermination, rodent control
Relations Between Human and Nonhuman Animals • Interdependence • Usage: • Agriculture: 8,539,848,000 • Total research: 8,452,186 0.099% of total animals used
The Three R’s of Animal ResearchRussell & Burch, 1959 • Replace animal testing with other techniques • Reduce the number of animals needed with statistical techniques • Refine the experimental procedure to reduce discomfort (“suffering”)
Alternatives to Animal Research • Naturalistic observations • Plants • Tissue cultures • Computer simulation
Issues • Importance of considering the animal’s umweldt • Animal welfare vs animal rights • Anti-intellectual impact of restrictions on animal research