Mary Anne Holmes Earth & Atmospheric Sciences University of Nebraska-Lincoln

1. Women in the GeosciencesA Data-Based Assessment Mary Anne Holmes Earth & Atmospheric Sciences University of Nebraska-Lincoln

2. (1646) (n) (1485) (1354) (922) (161) Data from NSF

3. Data from NSF

4. Data from NSF

5. Degree data from NSF Academic data from AGI

6. Where are they going??

7. I’ve Considered Leaving the Geosciences

8. Why Would You Leave?

9. Three Levels of Gender Identity Institutional Individual Interactional Risman, 2004

10. Interactional Institutional Problems with Advisor Problems with Advisor Family Issues Family Issues

11. Interactional Problems with Advisor + + + + +

12. Implicit Bias A Scientist

13. Identical CVs evaluated by male and female psychology professors Brian Karen 2x Steinpreis, Anders, & Ritzke (1999) Sex Roles, 41, 509.

14. Identical Resumes Mother 2x “Non-mother” Correll, Benardand Paik (2007) American Journal of Sociology, 112 (5), 1297-1338.

15. Letters of Recommendation for Successful Medical School Faculty Applicants 25 December 2099 To Whom It May Concern: Four score and seven years ago I met the candidate and discovered that the enemy is us. When in the course of human events it becomes necessary for the slick brown fox to jump over the lazy dog, a righteous and self-absorbed people must rise up and take the bull by the tail. Turning and turning in the widening gyre, the falcon cannot hear the falconer. Things fall apart. The center cannot hold. Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world and everywhere the ceremony of innocence is drowned. If I can be of any other assistance to you, please do not hesitate to ask. 25 December 2099 To Whom It May Concern: Four score and seven years ago I met the candidate and discovered that the enemy is us. When in the course of human events it becomes necessary for the slick brown fox to jump over the lazy dog, a righteous and self-absorbed people must rise up and take the bull by the tail. Turning and turning in the widening gyre, the falcon cannot hear the falconer. Things fall apart. The center cannot hold. Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world and everywhere the ceremony of innocence is drowned. The best lack all conviction, while the worst are full of passionate intensity. Surely the second coming is at hand. The second coming! Hardly are the words out when a vast image of spiritus mundi troubles my sight. It’s unbelievable how he took off running and I never had to give him any supervision at all. If you don’t hire this guy you are a fool. If I can be of any other assistance to you, please do not hesitate to ask. excellent pretty good lots of papers is friends with my wife works with The Gods gets along with people Trix & Psenka (2003) Discourse & Society, Vol 14(2): 191-220.

16. Reduce the Impact of Implicit Bias Brian Karen

17. Institutional Family Issues

18. (de Wet, Ashley, and Kegel, 2002)

19. Temporary Leaves from Work 40% 24% Hewlett and Luce, 2005

20. 96% return to workforce Hewlett and Luce, 2005

21. Average Length of Time Away from Work 2 Years Years in Career Hewlett and Luce, 2005

22. “It’s cheaper to keep her” Shirley Malcom, AAAS

23. Flexible Faculty Research 50% • Parental Leave • Adoption, birth • “Stop the Tenure Clock” • Assignment Shift / Modified Duties • Temporary part-time Teaching 40% Research 90%

24. Suppose We Intervene? Marshke et al., 2007.

25. Marshke et al., 2007.

26. Summary 1.

27. Summary 2. A Scientist

28. Summary 3.

29. References • American Geological Institute, Directory of Geoscience Departments. • Correll, S. J., Benard, S. and Paik, I., 2007. Getting a job: Is there a motherhood penalty? American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 112, No. 5 (March 2007): 1297–1338. • De Wet, C.B., Ashley, G. M., and Kegel, D. P. 2002. Biological clocks and tenure timetables: restructuring the academic timeline. GSA Today, 12:24. • Hewlett, S.A., and Luce, C.B. Off-ramps and on-ramps: keeping talented women on the road to success. Harv Bus Rev. 2005;83(3):43-46, 48, 50-54. • Holmes, M.A., O’Connell, S., Frey, C., and Ongley, L. 2008. Gender imbalance in U.S. geoscience academia. Nature Geosciences, 1(2), 79-82. http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v1/n2/abs/ngeo113.html • Marschke,R., Laursen, S., Nielsen, J.M.C., and Rankin, P. 2007. Demographic inertia revisited: an immodest proposal to achieve equitable gender representation among faculty in Higher Education. Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 78, No. 1 (January/February 2007), pp. 1-26. • National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: 2004 NSF 04–317 (NSF, Arlington, Virginia, 2004); available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/women . • National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics Science and Engineering Doctorate Awards: 2009 (NSF, Arlington, Virginia, 2009). • Risman, B. J. 2004. Gender as a Social Structure: Theory Wrestling with Activism. Gender & Society, 18(4):429-450. DOI: 10.1177/0891243204265349. • Steinpress, R. E., Anders, K.A., and Ritzke, D., 1999. The Impact of Gender on the Review of the Curricula Vitae of Job Applicants and Tenure Candidates: A National Empirical Study. Sex Roles, Vol. 41, Nos. 7/8509-528. • Trix,F., and Psenka,C. 2003. Exploring the color of glass: Letters of recommendation for female and male medical faculty. Discourse & Society 14(2) 191-220. DOI: 10.1177/0957926503014002277 • Valian, V. (1999). Why so slow? The advancement of women. Cambridge: MIT Press.

30. What Geoscientists Think: Why are Numbers of Women so Low?

31. Accumulation of Disadvantage Martell, Lane & Emrich, American Psychologist, 1996 0%

32. Accumulation of Disadvantage 1% Martell, Lane & Emrich, American Psychologist, 1996

33. Accumulation of Disadvantage 5% Martell, Lane & Emrich, American Psychologist, 1996

34. Research Network

35. Data from NSF

36. Degree data from NSF Academic data from AGI

37. Degree data from NSF Academic data from AGI