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THE DEATH OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC

THE DEATH OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC. TO TRACE THE EVENTS THAT LEAD ROME FROM REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE BY LOOKING AT THE RISE AND FALL OF JULIUS CEASAR. CIVIL WAR ENSUES FOR THE NEXT 50 YEARS AFTER THE ABDICATION OF SULLA IN 79BCE HISTORY OF LATE REPUBLIC ONE OF POWER STRUGGLES AMONG ROME’S MOST FAMOUS

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THE DEATH OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC

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  1. THE DEATH OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC TO TRACE THE EVENTS THAT LEAD ROME FROM REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE BY LOOKING AT THE RISE AND FALL OF JULIUS CEASAR

  2. CIVIL WAR ENSUES FOR THE NEXT 50 YEARS AFTER THE ABDICATION OF SULLA IN 79BCE • HISTORY OF LATE REPUBLIC ONE OF POWER STRUGGLES AMONG ROME’S MOST FAMOUS • SULLA’S EFFORTS TO RESTORE CONSTITUTION UNSUCCESSFUL • REPUBLIC DOOMED WHEN POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS FAILED TO MEET NEEDS OF EXPANSION AND WHEN SOLDIERS & GENERALS NO LONGER LOYAL TO STATE THE END OF AN ERA

  3. POMPEY (106-48BCE) ALLY OF SULLA MILITARY APPT. IN SPAIN 77BCE RETURNS TO ROME A HERO 71BCE THREATENS REBELLION UNLESS SENATE LETS HIM RUN FOR CONSUL • CRASSUS (112-53BCE) AMBITIOUS POLITICIAN, RICH PUT DOWN SPARTACUS REBELLION 73BCE SET ASIDE DIFFERENCES & BECOME CO-CONSULS 70BCE FRENEMIES

  4. UNDID WORK OF SULLA • RESTORE POWER TO POPULARES, TRIBUNES & EQUITES • POMPEY OFF TO THE EAST & RETURNS W/ MEN VICTORIOUS BUT LAND NOT AVAILABLE • CICERO CONSUL 63BCE – NOT A MILITARY MAN & CLEARLY ONE IS NEEDED • SEES THAT COOPERATION AMONG SENATE & EQUESTRIANS IMPORTANT • SENATE NOT A FAN OF POMPEY • PERHAPS A 3RD ALTERNATIVE MAINTAINING ORDER

  5. THE RISE OF JULIUS CAESAR (100-44BCE) SPOKESMAN FOR THE POPULARES UNCLE WAS MARIUS WORKED HIS WAY UP THROUGH THE MILITARY RANKS 1ST IN SPAIN COMBINES RESOURCES W/ CRASSUS & POMPEY FIRST TRIUMVIRATE ELECTED CONSUL 59BCE & USES POPULAR ASSEMBLY TO ACHIEVE GOALS OF THE TRIUMVIRATE LAND FOR VETS, LOWER TAXES FOR EQUITES, SPECIAL COMMISSION IN GAUL GOVERNOR OF GAUL 58BCE & CONQUERED ALL OF IT BY 50BCE

  6. JC SUCCESSFUL IN GAUL & REAFFIRMS IMPORTANCE OF MILITARY EXPERIENCE IN LEADERS • 55BCE CONSULS AGAIN & MORE BENEFITS FOR THE TRIUMVIRATE • JC 5 MORE YEARS IN GAUL • CRASSUS – SYRIA (DIES) • POMPEY – SPAIN • COMPETITION B/W JC & POMPEY • SENATE FAVORS POMPEY • JC TOLD TO LAY DOWN ARMS & RETURN TO ROME – NOT WHAT SOLDIERS DO • CROSSES RUBICON, ENTERS ROME 1/10/49BCE & POMPEY FLED TO GREECE & JC FOLLOWS, POMPEY DIES & JC RETURNS TRIUMPHANT CAESAR DOMINATES

  7. 47BCE DICTATOR – UNWILLING TO GIVE UP POWER, INFLUENCE & WEALTH – REPUBLIC GONE FOREVER • REFORMS MADE AT EXPENSE OF OLD CONSTITUTION • EXTEND CITIZENSHIP TO MANY PROVINCIALS • MANY VETS, POOR & UNEMPLOYED SENT TO MED. COLONIES • FOUNDED NEW COLONIES WHICH HELPED ROMANIZE EMPIRE • EMPIRE OF CITIZENS NOT SUBJECTS • 44BCE APPOINTED DICTATOR FOR LIFE BUT NOT EVERYONE HAPPY • GENEROUS LEADER, PARDONED MANY, REPLACED CALENDAR W/ EGYPTIAN SOLAR YEAR (JULIAN CALENDAR BY 1582) • IDES OF MARCH – ET TU BRUTE? ASSASSINATED & SET OFF ANOTHER ROUND OF CIVIL WAR • OCTAVIAN REPLACES HIS GREAT UNCLE THE BRIEF DICTATORSHIP OF JULIUS CAESAR

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