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Biotechnology

Learn about the use of biotechnology to alter genes in wood, specifically reducing lignin content, in order to improve paper production. Discover the advantages and disadvantages of genetically modified trees and the use of biodegradable polymers in the packaging industry.

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Biotechnology

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  1. Biotechnology A2 Product Design: Graphics

  2. Biotechnology • Altering genes in woods • Reduction of lignin • Biopol

  3. Altering Genes in Wood • Relates to wood for paper and board • Greater demands each year • Genetically modified trees (GM) • Artificially inserting a gene from one plant into another • In the UK GM Elm trees (resistant to Dutch Elm Disease)

  4. Reduction of lignin • Plant cell wall material is composed of three important constituents: cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose. • Lignin is particularly difficult to biodegrade

  5. Altering Genes in Wood Advantages • Quicker growing trees • Resistant to disease and insect attack • Reduced strength of lignin fibers • Reduces the amount of chemicals needed in paper making • Increased growth rate Disadvantages • Long term side effects unknown • ‘escape’ of modified genes into natural ecosystems • Organisms adapt to modified trait • Rapid growth, more demand on the environment (water, nutrients etc)

  6. Biopol • Brand name for the first biodegradable polymer, polyhydroxybutrate (PHB) • Used in the packaging industry (blow moulded bottles, plastic wrap, coating for paper and board) • Water resistant • Carbohydrates, sugar & extracted polymer (renewable raw materials) • Compostable

  7. Biodegradable Polymers Advantages • Normally fully degradable • Reduction of time in landfill Disadvantages • Damages recycled plastic when mixed • More expensive than other polymers • More energy is needed to produce

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