1 / 12

Classification of anemia

Classification of anemia. Causes of anemia -Blood loss. -Iron deficiency. -Infection. -RBC destruction (hemolysis) e.g. G6PD. -B12 and Folate deficiency. Red cells size and their indices -Hb concentration and Hematocrit -MCV, MCH, MCHC. MCV -IDA -Thal. MCV -B12 -Folat .

mignon
Télécharger la présentation

Classification of anemia

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Classification of anemia Causes of anemia -Blood loss. -Iron deficiency. -Infection. -RBC destruction (hemolysis) e.g. G6PD. -B12 and Folate deficiency. Red cells size and their indices -Hb concentration and Hematocrit -MCV, MCH, MCHC. • MCV -IDA -Thal • MCV -B12 -Folat Normal MCV -hemolytic anemia

  2. Iron deficiency anemia Normal iron metabolism: -The primary function is oxygen transport. -Iron is absorbed by duodenum and jejunim -Average total body iron content 3500-4000 mg. -Approximately 2/3 found in hemoglobin, -Iron is also stored in RE cells (BM, Spleen and liver) as hemosiderin and ferratin. -Also iron found in myglobin and myeloperoxidase and in certain electron transfer. -Iron is more stable in ferric state (Fe+++) than in ferrous state (Fe++).

  3. Iron + Hem Iron Metabolism

  4. Daily Fe++ turnover continuous process RBC 2500 mg 20 mg Fe Returned to immature RBC in BM R.E. 20 mg Released daily Via RE system 90% extra vascular 5-10% intra vascular Iron Absorption 1-2 mg only Plasma Fe Transferrin carriers 4 mg Loss (from GI tract) 1-2 mg daily Body stores 1000 mg (M) 300-500 mg (F) Myglobin 300 mg

  5. Dietary iron: Iron is present in food as ferric hydroxides (ferric-protein complexes and hem-protein complexes). -meat, liver -vegetables, eggs. -The average diet contains 10-15mg and only 5-10% is normally absorbed. Iron requirements: It varies depending on sex and age: Male/female 0.5-1 mg/day Pregnant female 1-2 mg/day Children 0.5 mg/day

  6. Clinical features: • When ID is developing, the RE stores (hemosiderin and ferritin) become completely depleted before anemia occurs. • At an early stage, no clinical abnormalities. • Later, patient may develops general symptoms and signs of anemia. • In severe case of IDA ridged or spoon nails.

  7. Causes: • Chronic blood loss • Fetomaternal Hemorrhage, inherited bleeding disorders menstrual peroid. • Maternal iron deficiency (neonate). • Growth spurts (infants and children). • Gastrointestinal, • peptic ulcer, aspirin ingestion, carcinoma, hookworm, colitis, piles etc. • Pregnancy • Rarely hematouria, • self-inflicted blood loss, hemoglobinuria. • Insufficient daily iron intake (poor diet). • Malabsorption.

  8. Laboratory findings: • Red cell indices: • Low Hb conc. • MCV, MCH, MCHC*  • Blood film: • Hypochromic microcytic Picture. • Occasional Target cells. • Pencil shaped poikilocytes. • Normal reticulocyte count. • Bone marrow iron: • Normal to hypercellular. • RBC precursors are increased in number. • Iron stain negative. • Chemical testing on serum: • Serum iron Decreased • Transferrin/TIBC Normal to High • Serum ferritin Decreased (Very low)

  9. Hypochromic Microcytic picture (IDA) -ve BM Iron Stain +ve

  10. Reticulocytes

More Related