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11.2 Muscles and Movement

11.2 Muscles and Movement. The joints in our body provide mobility and hold the body together. Most joints include the following: Bones Ligaments Muscles Tendons Nerves. Interesting Note:

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11.2 Muscles and Movement

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  1. 11.2 Muscles and Movement

  2. The joints in our body provide mobility and hold the body together. Most joints include the following: • Bones • Ligaments • Muscles • Tendons • Nerves Interesting Note: Arthrology is the study of joints and Rheumatology is the branch of medicine devoted to joint diseases/conditions

  3. Their Function in Movement 1. Bones – they contain several different tissues and are therefore considered organs • They provide a hard framework to support the body • They allow protection of vulnerable softer tissue and organs • They acts as levers so movement can occur • They form blood cells in their bone marrow • They allow the storage of minerals (esp. Calcium and Phosphorus)

  4. Bones involved in Movement Human adults have 206 bones

  5. 2. Muscles – for movement to occur muscles must be attached to bones and this attachment is provided by the tendons • Muscles provide the force necessary for movement by shortening the length of their fibers (this is why muscles must exist as antagonistic pairs )

  6. Ex: hamstring contracts to bend knee and quadriceps contracts to straighten knee

  7. 3. Tendons – cords of dense connective tissue

  8. KNEE JOINT 4. Ligaments – tough band-like structures that serve to strengthen the joint by connecting bone to bone; ligaments have many different types of sensory nerve endings that constantly monitor the joint to ensure no hyperextension

  9. Human Elbow Joint Draw fully labeled joint on board

  10. Elbow Parts and their Function

  11. Hinge Joints • The elbow and the knee are both hinge joints since they permit an opening/closing type of movement • Both are also one directional • Both also are called synovial joints because they have a synovial cavity

  12. Ball and Socket Joints • Examples include the hip joint and shoulder joint • Permits movement in several directions

  13. Ball and Socket vs. Hinge Joints

  14. Definitions of Movement • Flexion – decrease in angle between connecting bones • Extension – increase in angle between connecting bone • Abduction – movement of bone away from body midline • Adduction – movement of bone toward midline • Circumduction – distal or far end of a limb moves in a circle • Rotation – a bone revolves around it own axis

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