1. Plant Parts Chapter #3

2. What are the parts of a plant? Node: swollen part of stem where buds form (leaves or stems grow here) Cotyledons: leaves formed at first node (cotyledonary node)

4. What are the parts of a plant? Epicotyl: all of plant formed above cotyledonary node Internode: stem tissue between nodes

5. What are the types of stems? 1) Woody Stem: trees, shrubs, woody perennials 2) Grass Stem: hollow or filled 3) Herbaceous Stem: like woody but softer (clover, alfalfa) 4) Modified Stem:

6. Types of Modified Stems • Bulbs: (onion) • Tubers: (potato) • Stolons: above ground runner (strawberry) • Rhizomes: below ground runners (field bindweed or creeping jenny)

7. What are the functions of stems? 1) transport water, nutrients, sugars 2) support leaves 3) store food

8. What are buds? • special tissue on stems that can grow into new plant parts • buds are described according to:

9. 1) structures into which they grow • -Vegetative: leaves or stems • -Floral: flowers • -Mixed: both • 2) where buds appear on stem • -Apical: tips of stems • -if floral = bush • -if vegetative = vine • -Axillary: where leaf joins stem • -Adventitious: near wounds • 3) How buds are arranged

10. Bud Arrangements • Alternate (alfalfa) • Opposite (beans) • Whorled (not common)

11. What is Apical Dominance? • apical bud tries to make plant grow taller or longer • if we remove apical bud, we remove the apical dominance

12. What are leaves? • undergo photosynthesis, exchange gases

13. What is the difference between a simple leaf and a compound leaf? • simple leaf = 2 parts (leaf blade and petiole)

14. What is the difference between a simple leaf and a compound leaf? • Compound leaf: leaf blade divided into leaflets

15. What are the different types of compound leaves? • Palmately compound

16. What are the different types of compound leaves? • Pinately compound

17. What are the different types of compound leaves? • Trifoliate (alfalfa)

18. What is the Hypocotyl? • part of the plant below the cotyledonary node

19. What purpose does the hypocotyl serve? 1) anchor plant 2) absorb water & nutrients 3) store food

20. What are the types of root systems? -Taproot: one main root, has no nodes • (carrot, evergreen, kochia) -Fibrous root: many nodes, branching root system (grasses)

21. To help prevent soil erosion, which root system would be best? • Fibrous

22. What are the parts of a grass plant? • Leaves = Sheath is the part of leaf that wraps around the stem • Joints = internodes • Culm = stems

23. Grass Plant Parts • Tillers = branches, all branch from the base of the plant • Crown = union of roots and stem • Jointing stage = stems elongate rapidly