1. Latin America

2. From Colonization to Independence • _______________– the movement of plants and animals between Latin America and Europe after Columbus’ voyage to the Americas • Natives introduced pumpkins, turkey, pineapple, squash, avocado, peppers, peanut, potatoes, tomatoes, corn, beans • Spanish introduced grapes, onions, sugar cane, bananas, peaches, pears, coffee beans, citrus fruits

3. Conquered Lands • Cortes defeated the _______ • _________defeated the Inca • Spain had colonies in Latin America • Resources and ________

4. Class Society • Peninsulares • People born in Spain • High government positions • ____________ • Spaniards born in Latin America • Wealthy but couldn’t hold government positions • Mestizos • People of Spanish and _________ ancestry • Little power • Enslaved Persons

5. Colonial Economy • Encomienda • _________mined, ranched and farmed for the Spanish landlord • Indians lived in poverty • ________got rich

6. Independence from Spain (Mexico) • Spain vs. __________ • Word of American and French Revolution • Father ________gets it started • Calls for a rebellion but fails; Spanish kill him • Next up; Jose Maria Morelos y Pavon • He also fails and _______________ • Mexico gets organized and gain their freedom through the Treaty of ___________ in 1821

7. Independence from Spain (S.A.) • North = Simon Bolivar, a Venezuelan general, called the _____________ • South = Jose de San Martin, an Argentine general • 1825, most of S.A. free • _______became free in 1822 • Dom Pedro, son of Portuguese king, declared Brazil free but names himself emperor