By Loren Miller

1. THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH By Loren Miller

2. THE PRESIDENCY “No man will ever bring out of the Presidency the reputation which carries him into it. To myself, personally, it brings nothing but increasing drudgery and daily loss of friends.” Thomas Jefferson

3. THE PRESIDENCY “As to the presidency, the two happiest days of my life were those of my entrance upon the office and my surrender of it.” Martin Van Buren

4. THE PRESIDENCY “After the White House what is there to do but drink!” Franklin Pierce

5. THE PRESIDENCY After Vice President Truman heard about the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt, he said to a small collection of reporters: “Boys, if you ever pray, pray for me now.”

6. THE PRESIDENCY “All the president is, is a glorified public relations man who spends his time flattering, kissing, and kicking people to get them to do what they are supposed to do anyway.” Harry Truman

7. EVOLUTION OF THE PRESIDENCYChief Clerk: 1789-1836 Presidents perform administrative duties that Congress requests. Government is best that governs the least. Presidents focused their attention on foreign affairs while Congress focused on domestic matters. Madison found himself unable to fund the War of 1812 and unable to raise an army. The Monroe Doctrine Congress forged key compromises on slavery and paid of most of the national debt. Andrew Jackson, an outsider, grabs the reins of government and remakes the presidency. Forced out Cabinet members who disagreed with him. Introduced the spoils system.

8. EVOLUTION OF THE PRESIDENCYWeakened Presidency: 1837-1900 Andrew Jackson’s popularity and energetic personality raised the profile of the office. However, those who followed Jackson (with some exceptions) reverted back to “chief clerk.” Exceptions include: James Polk: westward expansion; used his power as commander in chief to instigate war with Mexico; acquired California, Arizona and Oregon Territory. Abraham Lincoln: blockaded southern ports; suspended the writ of habeas corpus; spent money without Congressional approval; raised an army without Congressional approval. Abraham Lincoln reinterpreted Article II into a source of executive authority during emergencies.

9. EVOLUTION OF THE PRESIDENCYThe Modern Presidency: 1901-1945 As the United States industrialized and became a significant player in an interconnected world, the power of the presidency grew accordingly. Theodore Roosevelt used the office as a “bully pulpit.” He wanted to be “the bride at every wedding and the corpse at every funeral.” Bold assertions of presidential power: The Stewardship Theory Breaks up corporate monopolies Initiates a Panamanian revolution Wins a Nobel Peace Prize (mediating Japan/Russia) settlement Sends fleet around the world First president to travel to a foreign country

10. EVOLUTION OF THE PRESIDENCYThe Modern Presidency: 1901-1945 Woodrow Wilson achieved some significant successes and suffered some great failures. Achieved industrial reforms Led the United States into World War I Led efforts to create a League of Nations Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal Permanent bureaucracies Social Security and unemployment insurance Use of the media to communicate directly with the public—fireside chats Lend-Lease Program prior to U.S. involvement in WWII (without consent of Congress) Gave Britain 50 destroyers in exchange for rights to build military based on British territory (without consent of Congress) The national government became the focus of power

11. EVOLUTION OF THE PRESIDENCYImperial Presidency Under Attack: 1945-1980 By the end of World War II, the presidency had become a very powerful office and emphasis on the “cold war” in the 1950s and 1960s added to the president’s power. The Truman Doctrine Sending troops to Vietnam Watergate, Richard Nixon’s resignation and Jimmy Carter’s inability to resolve the Iranian hostage situation frustrated the public and the presidency came under increasing attacks from Congress.

12. EVOLUTION OF THE PRESIDENCYThe Contemporary Presidency: 1980- Following the Vietnam War and Watergate, the powers of the modern presidency has been diminished as the resources for presidential power fall short of the tasks he is expected to perform - divided government became the norm - a high national debt and budget deficits limited the expansion of federal programs What is required to succeed on the campaign trail is different from what is needed to handle the global demands of a modern president.

13. LEGAL REQUIREMENTSFOR PRESIDENT • at least 35 years of age • have lived in the United States 14 years • be a natural born citizen of the United States

15. PRESIDENTIAL TRIVIA • Only divorced president: Reagan • Only bachelor president: Buchanan • Shortest Term: Harrison (1 month) • Largest President: Taft (350 pounds) • Smallest President: Madison (95 pounds) • Youngest President: Roosevelt (42) • Oldest President: Reagan (77)

16. INFORMAL CRITERIAFOR PRESIDENT • Political Experience • 1868-1956 gubernatorial experience preferred • 1960-1972 senatorial experience preferred • 1972 to the present ??????? • Vice-president??

17. INFORMAL CRITERIAFOR PRESIDENT • Vice-president?? VPs who became President by election: 1800s – Adams, Jefferson, Van Buren 1900s – T. Roosevelt, Coolidge, Truman, Nixon, Johnson, Bush • Military Hero??

18. THE VICE PRESIDENCY If Washington is called “Mr. President,” then you need to call me “Your superfluous excellency.” John Adams, our first Vice President “[The Vice Presidency] is the most insignificant office that ever the invention of man contrived or his imagination conceived.” John Adams

19. THE VICE PRESIDENCY “The Vice Presidency isn’t worth a warm bucket of piss.” John Nance Garner, one of FDR’s Vice Presidents “I do not propose to be buried until I am really dead.” Daniel Webster, on not accepting the Vice Presidency

20. THE VICE PRESIDENCY “A little over a week ago, I took a rather unusual step for a vice president . . . I said something.” Spiro Agnew, Vice President under Richard Nixon “Look at all the Vice Presidents in history. Where are they? They were about as useful as a cow’s fifth teat.” Harry S Truman, one of FDR’s Vice Presidents Eisenhower/Nixon

21. THE VICE PRESIDENCY “Once the election is over, the Vice President’s usefulness is over. He’s like the second stage of a rocket. He’s damn important going into orbit, but he’s always thrown off to burn up in the atmosphere.” An aide to Vice President Hubert Humphrey “The Job of the Vice President is to go to weddings and funerals.” Harry S Truman

22. THE VICE PRESIDENCY “The person with the best job in the country is the Vice President . . . . All he has to do is get up in the morning and say, “How’s the President?’” Will Rogers

23. THE VICE PRESIDENCY Possibly our worst Vice President was Thomas Marshall (Wilson’s VP) “As vice president, I am responsible for nothing and influential nowhere” “My job is like a monkey cage– except that visitors do not offer me peanuts” In his inaugural address he promised to “acknowledge the insignificant influence of the office” He once told a bodyguard that “his job was pointless as no one every shoots a Vice President”

24. THE VICE PRESIDENCY • Recent vice presidents have been given greater access to the president and have been given more responsibilities than earlier vice presidents. • Al Gore and Dick Cheney • Would Joe Biden have accepted the vice presidency unless he was given access and responsibilities?

25. INFORMAL CRITERIAFOR PRESIDENT • Executive Ability • the ability to hire good people • Ideology • middle of the road

26. INFORMAL CRITERIAFOR PRESIDENT • Physical Stamina • Mental Stability • Knowledge of the Issues • Nominated by one of the two major parties

27. PRESIDENTIAL OATH “I _____ do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States.” -- Washington added “So help me God” and others followed this tradition -- Why do presidents have the choice of “swear or affirm” -- So Quakers could run for the office -- Only Franklin Pierce (1853) “affirmed”

28. OATH OF OFFICE Germany: “Promote the general welfare” and “protect the people from harm.” Philippines: “Do justice to every man.” Taiwan: “Safeguard the security of the State,” Ukraine: “Enhance the prestige of Ukraine in the world.” Iran: “Follow the example of the Prophet of Islam.” Mexico: “Look for the good and prosperity of the union.”

29. THE JOB OF PRESIDENT Act as Commander in Chief Negotiate Treaties Receive Foreign Ambassadors Nominate Top Federal Officials Veto Bills Faithfully Administer Federal Laws Pardon Persons for Federal Offenses Address Congress and the Nation

30. WHAT WE LOOK FOR What we Really Want

31. THE BEST THE WORST THE BEST & WORST 1. Franklin D. Roosevelt 2. Abraham Lincoln 3. George Washington 4. Thomas Jefferson 5. Theodore Roosevelt 6. Woodrow Wilson 7. Harry S Truman 8. Ronald Reagan 9. Andrew Jackson 10. Dwight D. Eisenhower 1. James Buchanan 2. Franklin Pearce 3. Warren Harding 4. John Tyler 5. Andrew Johnson 6. Millard Fillmore 7. William Henry Harrison 8. Zachary Taylor 9. Chester Arthur 10. G.W. Bush 2011

32. GREAT PRESIDENTS ARE: • Blessed with a great crisis • Resolve the crisis in an innovative and creative way • Leave a legacy

33. CONCEPTS OF PRESIDENTIAL POWER • Narrow (Whig Model)-- presidential power is limited to the specific grants of power enumerated in the Constitution • Pre-TR and Taft, Harding and Coolidge • Broad (Stewardship Model) -- presidential power is greater than what is enumerated in the Constitution • the role of precedent

34. PRESIDENTIAL CHARACTER • What should we look for in a president? • James David Barber, Duke University • Presidential Character is the “way a President orients himself toward life.” • Developed mainly during childhood • Self-esteem underlies character. • The better people feel about themselves, the more likely they will be able to accept criticism, think rationally, and learn on the job.

35. PRESIDENTIAL CHARACTER • Based on two dimensions • 1. The amount of energy a person puts into being president • active or passive • Plays the roles of being president aggressively • Rarely plays the roles of being president aggressively except during crisis • 2. How a person feels about being president • positive or negative • Enjoys the job of being president; flexible • Unhappy in the job; anxious; a sense of duty

36. PRESIDENTIAL CHARACTER

37. PRESIDENTIAL CHARACTER

38. PRESIDENTIAL ROLES Constitutional Powers

39. LEGISLATIVE LEADER • When does Congress follow the lead of the president? • The Honeymoon Period • International Crisis

40. LEGISLATIVE LEADER • When does Congress follow the lead of the president? • The Honeymoon Period • International Crisis • Luck • Commanding majority in Congress

41. LEGISLATIVE LEADER • When does Congress follow the lead of the president? • The Honeymoon Period • International Crisis • Luck • Commanding majority in Congress • Skilled at manipulation (LBJ Treatment)

44. NOTHING LIKE A GOOD CRISIS ! President Event Increase in Approval Truman Korea Invaded 9 Eisenhower Egypt Seizes Suez Canal 7 Kennedy Cuban Missile Crisis 13 Johnson Bombing Halt of N. Vietnam 14 Nixon Vietnam Peace Agreement 16 Carter Hostages Seized in Iran 28 Bush Iraq Invasion of Kuwait 20 Clinton Invasion of Haiti 5 Bush September 11th 38

45. Presidents Under Unified Government

46. Presidents Under Divided Government

47. APPROVAL RATINGS

48. APPROVAL RATINGS

49. APPROVAL RATINGS

50. APPROVAL RATINGS