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Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism

Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism. Spain’s Empire. Background Charles V- Holy Roman Emperor(1556) Gives Ferdinand (brother) Austria & Holy Roman Emp. Gives Philip II (son) Spain & Spanish colonies

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Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism

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  1. Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism

  2. Spain’s Empire • Background • Charles V- Holy Roman Emperor(1556) • Gives Ferdinand (brother) Austria & Holy Roman Emp. • Gives Philip II (son) Spain & Spanish colonies • What was happening in the HRE during the 1500s that would have led to Charles V retirement?

  3. Reign of Philip II begins • Philip II • Seized kingdom of Portugal • Gold and Silver poured into empire…all that glitters is not gold though (lessons of the Muslim Empires)

  4. Philip II’s Religious Conflicts • Reconquista just ended • “Campaign to remove Muslims from Spain” • Duty to defend Catholicism from ALL opposition • Philip II sends ships to fight Ottomans – wins • Tries to attack English (Elizabeth I) • Big Mistake…

  5. The Defeat of Spanish ArmadaIn 1588EnglishFire ships! • England had smaller, faster ships And the weather played a BIG part.

  6. Spain’s Golden Age • Escorial- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H3V349XzpYI • What are the reasons for designing a palace? • What could a palace like the Escorial symbolize?

  7. Philip II and his government • Religious control  Spain and ALL parts of empire were CATHOLIC…end of story • Spanish nobility –> served as viceroys, admirals, or generals • Was this an example of Philip II sharing power? • Social prestige not political power

  8. Philip II and government • Council of State  advises the King, but the King never showed • What was the purpose of having this “Council of State”? • The role of professional graduates • Execute royal authority not formulate it • Promotion through efficiency

  9. Empire Weakens • Money was only temporary • Inflation • Growing population  what do they need? • Tons of silver  how is that a bad thing? • Jews & Muslims expelled = businessmen • Nobles did not pay taxes • Poor paid taxes, prevented a middle class

  10. Spain’s Enemies • Spanish cloth very expensive • Buy French & English cloth • Wealth goes to enemies  angered Philip II • No $$ to declare wars…had to borrow it • Any $$ coming into Spain, went right to other countries • Declare bankruptcy

  11. Dutch Revolt • Under Spanish control • Spain – Very Catholic • Dutch – Very Protestant • Raised taxes very high • Dutch fight back, destroy Catholic churches • Send in Spanish Duke of Alva • Kills 1,500 on one day • 11 yrs. Later, declare indep.

  12. STOP • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jl3stf20X10 0-6:55/ • What were the reasons Spain and England did not get along? • After watching the video, what in world history might be changed had the Spanish Armada won?

  13. Absolutism in Europe • Monarchs wanted to be absolute monarchs • “Kings or Queens who hold ALL power within their states’ boundaries.” • Control EVERY aspect of society • Divine Right • “Idea that God created the monarchy and the monarchy was God’s representative on Earth.” • Answer only to God, not subjects

  14. Growing Power • Decline of Feudalism – Centralized Authority • Growing Middle Class – Back Monarch • Wealth from Colonies – Merchant Class • Religious Conflicts – Lose Power • Conflict in Territories – Increase Monarch Power

  15. Monarchs • Regulate Everything • Social gatherings & Religious Worship • Create Gov’t Bureaucracies • Free Themselves From Limitations • Most Famous is Louis XIV of France… • …To Be Continued…

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