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Understanding General Circulation Patterns, Jet Streams, and Deserts in Meteorology

This chapter explores the general circulation of the Earth's atmosphere, emphasizing how air movements are influenced by the planet's rotation. It examines the formation of jet streams, their characteristics, and their impact on weather patterns, including the occurrence of deserts. Understanding these concepts is crucial for grasping the atmospheric dynamics that affect global climate and local weather phenomena. The role of the Coriolis effect in shaping wind patterns and the distribution of climatic zones is also discussed.

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Understanding General Circulation Patterns, Jet Streams, and Deserts in Meteorology

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  1. METEOROLOGY Chapter 5 Objectives 5-2 & 5-3

  2. Objectives • Objective 5-2 • Describe and explain the general circulation pattern. • Objective 5-3 • Explain jet streams and deserts as effects of the general circulation.

  3. Scales of Motion http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect14/Sect14_1d.html

  4. The General Circulation • On a non-rotating Earth: • Air would be heated and rise in the tropics. • The upper-level air would flow from the tropics towards the poles. • Cold air would sink at the poles. • Surface winds would be constant from the pole to the tropics.

  5. The General Circulation http://apollo.lsc.vsc.edu/classes/met130/notes/chapter10/single_cell.html

  6. The General Circulation • But the Earth IS spinning on its axis. • This causes the Coriolis effect to come into play. • Air is heated in the tropics and rises. • As the air begins to move towards the poles, it is deflected by the Coriolis forces. • At about 30º N and S, it is flowing in an easterly direction, causing the subtropical jetstreams.

  7. The General Circulation http://apollo.lsc.vsc.edu/classes/met130/notes/chapter10/three_cell.html

  8. The General Circulation http://www.nevis.k12.mn.us/academics/science/MeteorNotes.htm

  9. The General Circulation http://apollo.lsc.vsc.edu/classes/met130/notes/chapter10/global_precip.html

  10. Deserts of the World http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/deserts/what/world.html

  11. Jet Streams • Jet Streams form where upper level air flows eastward. • There are two Northern and two Southern Hemisphere jet streams at about 30º and 50º N and S latitudes. • The circumpolar jet stream meanders between 35º N and 60º N.

  12. Jet Streams • The jet streams are fast-moving (up to 400 km/hr) rivers of air at altitudes above 4 km. • They are normally about 2 or 3 km deep and around 100 km wide.

  13. N. Hemisphere Jet Streams http://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect14/Sect14_1c.html

  14. N. American Jet Streams http://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect14/Sect14_1c.html

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