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Beethoven's Sketches and Manuscripts: Uncovering the Myths

Explore the fascinating world of Beethoven's sketches and autograph manuscripts, shedding light on myths and facts surrounding his creative process. Discover the significance of revisions, practical editions, and the authenticity of these unique urtext editions. Delve into the Artaria music shop in Vienna, a pioneer in Beethoven sketch research. Uncover the challenges caused by transcriptions and the advanced sketches of Beethoven's symphonies. Learn about the transition from act 1 to act 2 in Humperdinck's "Hänsel und Gretel" and the significance of myths in music history.

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Beethoven's Sketches and Manuscripts: Uncovering the Myths

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  1. Sketches of the Ninth Facts & Myths

  2. Manuscript sketches autographies fair copies … unique? Print 1st prints revised prints practical editions Urtext editions … mass-production? Authenticity? Authority? Myths?

  3. Sketching • Beethoven to Archduke Rudolph, 1823 “at the piano you should jot down your ideas in the form of sketches. For this purpose you should have a small table beside the piano… You should also compose without a piano… This will certainly not give Your Highness a headache; nay, rather, it will afford you real enjoyment when you thus find yourself in the very swim of artistic production.”

  4. Louis Walker(with pocket sketchbook)

  5. The Sketchbooks • B. used and kept sketchbooks (“desk”) since 1798, “pocket” used since 1815 • B. died 26 March 1827, non-musical belongings auctioned 5 May, musical Nachlass auctioned 5 Nov. • Artaria was mainly responsible for the cataloguing and appraisal, and bought 60% of the material (!). • In between, uncountable items were “took away” (esp. Schindler!).

  6. Musical Nachlass Auction 5 Nov. 1827 • material in great disarray • under legal quarantine until Aug. 16 • apartment must be vacated before Sept. 29 • no published catalogue, just one advertisment • local affair, low price • insider trade!

  7. Artaria • Art and Music shop in Vienna • founded 1765 in Mainz, Vienna 1770–1932 • Domenico A. led 1793–1833

  8. A Typical Music Shop in Vienna

  9. Artaria • printed Haydn since 1780 • Mozart since 1781 • Beethoven since 1793 • acquired over 60% of B. musical Nachlass (to be resold later)

  10. Today’s Artaria

  11. Pioneer of Beethoven Sketch Research • Gustav Nottebohm (1817–82) • studied at the Leipzig Conservatory under Mendelssohn, Schumann and Hauptmann, and in Vienna under Sechter • 1858 Board member of the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde • befriended Brahms

  12. Problems caused by Nottebohm’s transcriptions: • Boldrini (now lost) • undiplomatic:whose “u.s.w.”? • Artaria 201, p. 111 • finale: well fugued?

  13. First Movement: Early Sketches • 1816, Liszt Archive, Weimar

  14. 1817-18 • “Boldrini” (employer of Artaria), lost after Nottebohm 1887 • 1,63 ff. • 1,469 ff. coda • struggle between major and minor • 1,92 ff. • 1,1 ff. • Problems • selective • juxtaposed

  15. 1817–18 • 1817–18, Schott Archive, Mainz • paused for other works: late piano sonatas opp. 109–111, Diabelli Variations, and esp. Missa solemnis

  16. Advanced Sketches • Early 1823 “Engelmann” • Commission from the Philharmonic Society of London in late 1822

  17. Second Movement • 1815–16 “Scheide” • Grove 1896, “germ of the Scherzo” [?] • 1817, Liszt Archive, Weimar • String Quintet, Hess 40

  18. Third Movement • 1822, Beethovenhaus, Bonn • July 1823, Langsberg 8-2

  19. Third Movement • April 1823, Langsberg 8-2 • order of the movements?

  20. Two symphonies merge into one? • 1818 memorandum • “Adagio cantique”: solemn song in a symphony in ancient modes… • 1822-23 Artaria 201 • Nottebohm 1887: 2 symphonies • London: instrumental finale • “Sinfonie allemand”: choral finale

  21. Humperdinck: Hänsel und GretelTransition from act 1 to act 2 (deceptive cadence)

  22.                .   Freude schöne Götterfunken Tochter aus Elysium =de 100 .               recht fugirt Die Sinfonie aus 4 Stücken darin das 2te Stück im 2/4 Takt wie in d... die... könnte in 6/8tel dur sein u. das 4te Stück Vi=100

  23. The Need of Myths • To satisfy present imaginations • Wagner: from absolute music to Gesamtkunstwerk—opera • Brahms 1st symphony as upholder of the classical ideal.

  24. Literature • Nottebohm: Two Beethoven Sketchbooks: A Description with Musical Extracts (Leipzig, 1865, 1880; London 1979). • D. Johnson, A. Tyson and R. Winter: The Beethoven Sketchbooks: History, Reconstruction, Inventory (Oxford 1985).

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