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World Religions

World Religions. Influence of World Religions in the Contemporary World. Five World Religions. Five world religions have had a profound impact on culture and civilization. What are some characteristics of the five major world religions?. Monotheism. Began in Palestine with the Jews

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World Religions

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  1. World Religions Influence of World Religions in the Contemporary World

  2. Five World Religions • Five world religions have had a profound impact on culture and civilization. • What are some characteristics of the five major world religions?

  3. Monotheism • Began in Palestine with the Jews • Abraham is the founder of: • Judaism • Islam

  4. Monotheism • Begun by Abraham about 2000 BCE • Common Beliefs: • God created the universe • God continues to govern the universe • The Ten Commandments were given to Moses by God on Mt. Sinai and must be followed

  5. Judaism • Monotheism • Ten Commandments of moral and religious conduct • Torah: Written records and beliefs of the Jews • Founder: Abraham

  6. JUDAISM • Followers are called Jews • Believe that God made a covenant with Abraham and his people (Israelites) • Adherents are worldwide, but most are in Israel • Holy book is the Torah (= the first five books of the Old Testament of Christian Bible) • Worship in a Synagogue

  7. Christianity • Monotheism • Jesus as Son of God • Life after death • New Testament: Life and teachings of Jesus • Establishment of Christian doctrines by early church councils • Worship in a church • Holy Book: Bible

  8. Islam • Monotheism • Muslim name for their God is Allah • Muhammad, the prophet • Holy Book: Qur’an (Koran) • Mecca and Medina • Started his religion in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. This is the holiest city in Islam.

  9. ISLAM • Muslims worship in a mosque • Muslims must follow the Five Pillars of Islam: • Stating the Faith • Prayer 5 times/day facing Mecca • Charity to poor • Pilgrimage (Hajj) • Fast during Ramadan

  10. Buddhism • Founder: Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) • Four Noble Truths • Eightfold Path to Enlightenment • Spread of Buddhism from India to China and other parts of Asia, resulting from Asoka’s missionaries and their writings

  11. Buddhism • Basic Tenets of Buddhism • The world is full of suffering • Meditation is our only escape • Nirvana is the ultimate goal • Follow the Eightfold Path

  12. Eightfold Path • Right Understanding • Right Thought • Right Speech • Right Action • Right Livelihood • Right Effort • Right Mindfulness • Right Concentration

  13. Images of Buddha

  14. Polytheism • Polytheism is the worship of more than one god. • May accept gods from other religions • Choose your favorite god!

  15. Hinduism • Many forms of one god • Reincarnation: Rebirth based upon karma • Karma: Knowledge that all thoughts and actions result in future consequences

  16. Polytheism • Hinduism • From India around 1700 BCE • No single founder • 3rd largest religion • Holy Book: Rig Veda • Brahman is the source of all divinity (holiness) • Believe in reincarnation (soul is reborn many times based on Karma).

  17. Caste System Good Karma OK Karma Bad Karma Untouchables

  18. Hindu Gods SHIVA BRAHMA VISHNU

  19. Essential Understanding and Question • Five world religions have had a profound impact on culture and civilization. These religions are found worldwide, but their followers tend to be concentrated in certain geographic areas. (pp. 700-714) • Where are the followers of the five world religions concentrated?

  20. Geographic Distribution of World’s Major Religions • Judaism: Concentrated in Israel and North America • Christianity: Concentrated in Europe and North and South America • Islam: Concentrated in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia • Hinduism: Concentrated in India • Buddhism: Concentrated in East and Southeast Asia

  21. Contemporary Political issues…ethic/religious conflicts • Developed and developing nations face many challenges. These include migrations, ethnic and religious conflicts… • What are some challenges faced by the contemporary world?

  22. Ethnic and Religious Conflicts • Middle East – • Muslim infighting (Sunni vs. Shi’a), Muslims (Arabs) vs. Jews (Israel), Strict vs. moderate, Muslims vs. Christians (United States) • Northern Ireland – • Protestants vs. Catholics • Balkans – • Serbs, Bosnians, and Croats fight one another for land (their own nation) 1990s

  23. Ethnic and Religious Conflicts • Horn of Africa – • Consists of Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Djibouti. Drought, disease, and piracy has been a problem in this region. • South Asia – • Consists of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, et al… India and Pakistan have a history of disputes and with the war on terror Afghanistan and Pakistan are in the news.

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