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Extra Credit Experiments

Extra Credit Experiments. To volunteer go to www.tatalab.ca Click on a blue time in the calendar to sign up for that appointment time. Exam 1. M,T,W,Th of next week Covers everything up to and including hearing (i.e. the previous lecture).

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Extra Credit Experiments

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  1. Extra Credit Experiments To volunteer go to www.tatalab.ca Click on a blue time in the calendar to sign up for that appointment time

  2. Exam 1 • M,T,W,Th of next week • Covers everything up to and including hearing (i.e. the previous lecture)

  3. A quick peek at all the other sensory systems we don’t have time to consider Touch, Taste, Smell, Proprioception, Thermoception and Balance

  4. How do we Stay Balanced? The Vestibular System

  5. Vestibular System (Balance)

  6. Vestibular System (Balance)

  7. Vestibular System (Balance)

  8. Vestibular System (Balance) Head accelerates this way Fluid goes this way Cupula gets pushed

  9. Vestibular System (Balance) Fluid goes this way Head accelerates this way Cupula gets pushed

  10. Vestibular System (Balance) • movement of the cupula is detected by hair cells • hair cells in the vestibular system are more sensitive than hair cells on the basilar membrane!

  11. Vestibular, Visual, and Proprioceptive Systems Work Together • Balance is a multimodal sense and is an example of cross-modal integration • Try standing on one foot with your eyes closed!

  12. Fun Facts about The Vestibular System • Seasickness arises when the vestibular system and the visual system send conflicting information

  13. Fun Facts about The Vestibular System • Seasickness arises when the vestibular system and the visual system send conflicting information • People can be knocked down by moving walls!

  14. Fun Facts about The Vestibular System • Seasickness arises when the vestibular system and the visual system send conflicting information • People can be knocked down by moving walls! • Alcohol causes the spins by (among other things) changing the density of the fluid in the semicircular canals

  15. Sensory Systems: • Touch, temperature, taste, smell

  16. There are a variety of touch receptors

  17. Touch receptors send signals to the somatosensory cortex via long axons in the spinal cord • Signals are sent to the opposite (contralateral) side of the brain

  18. The Homunculus • Wilder Penfield - Montreal Neurological Institue - 1940’s • Found somatotopic map by stimulating brain during surgery

  19. Thermoception • Two classes of thermoreceptors: warm and cold

  20. Taste (Gustation) Taste buds contain chemical receptors

  21. Taste What are the various “tastes”?

  22. Taste • Multi-dimensional scaling reveals several “varieties” of tastes: • sweet • salt • bitter • sour • umami (MSG) - possibly a protein receptor • there may also be a lipid (fat) receptor

  23. Smell • Olfactory bulb receives input from olfactory receptors which contact mucus in nasal cavity

  24. Smell • There are thousands of different receptors for different kinds of molecules

  25. Smell • Olfactory receptors use a “lock-and-key” mechanism - only specific molecules will bind with a given receptor Odor Molecules Receptor

  26. Smell • Odor recognition is excellent in humans • but odor identification (naming) is very poor • Women tend to be (slightly) better than men at naming smells

  27. Smell • Smell is strongly influenced by “top-down” processes such as what you are expecting to smell

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