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The Swedish Waste Management System

The Swedish Waste Management System. Content. Part 1: Sweden Avfall Sverige – The Swedish Association of Waste Management Part 2 Waste – a Resource The Development Responsibilities Operations. Part 3 Overview Model Infrastructure Collection Recovery and Recycling Part 4

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The Swedish Waste Management System

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  1. The Swedish Waste Management System

  2. Content • Part 1: • Sweden • Avfall Sverige – The Swedish Association of Waste Management • Part 2 • Waste – a Resource • The Development • Responsibilities • Operations • Part 3 • OverviewModel • Infrastructure • Collection • Recovery and Recycling • Part 4 • Waste Economy • Meansof Control • SuccessFactors • Challenges • Vision and Long Term Goals

  3. Importantsuccessfactors • Waste management is a public service • Clear division ofroles and responsibilities • Clear national environmentaltargetsshowing the direction and long-term regulations and economicalsteering instruments • Co-operation betweenmunicipalities • Collaborationbetween public and private sectors • Holistic system view- an integrated part of the sustinable city • Co-operation withinmunicipalites (Waste-, Energy-, Water-, Urban- planning-, etc departements) • A system based on source separation with focus on communication and public engagement • A system based on resourcerecovery

  4. Part 1 Sweden Avfall Sverige – The Swedish Association of Waste Management

  5. Sweden • 9,5 million inhabitants • 450 000 km2

  6. Avfall Sverige • The Swedish Association of Waste Management • 400 members, primarilywithin the public sector, butalso private enterprises -service providers for the Swedish citizens • Networking, training and lobbying • National memberof Cewep, ECN, ISWA and Municipal Waste Europe

  7. Part 2 Waste – a Resource The Development Responsibilities Operations

  8. Waste - a resource

  9. Waste - a resource • 2013: • 13,7 TWh districtenergy -> 20 % of the total districtenergyin Sweden - the heatingneedof950 000 homes • 1,8 TWh electricity – the needof260 000 homes • 2012: • 511 GWh vehicle-fuelproduced from foodwastecorrespondingto the needofabout 30 000 cars • 940 000 tonnesbiofertilizerproducedreplacingindustrialfertilizer

  10. Waste hierarchy

  11. Uniqueresults

  12. Towardszerolandfilling - a 40 yearsperspective

  13. Important steps of development • Late 1800:Cholera-epidemic - start of municipal waste management • 1950’s: • Districtheating systems developed • 1970’s and 80’s:Oil crises - waste is beingused for districtheating

  14. An important part of the energy system Districtenergy in Sweden – fuelsupply: Electricity Heatpumps Oil Fossil fuels Biofuels Electricity Waste heat Waste 5 % Waste heat Heatpumps Waste Carbon Gas Waste Peat Oil Waste heat Peat Biofuels Biofuels 1993 1980 2008 Source:

  15. An important part of the energy system Districtenergy in Sweden – fuelsupply: Electricity Fossil fuel Heatpumps Waste heat Waste Peat Biofuels Source:

  16. Clear national targets and long-term regulations and economicalsteering instruments Household waste to landfill per year (tonnes) 50 % Landfill tax introduced Ban on landfillof combustiblewaste Producers’ responsibility introduced Ban on landfillof organicwaste Municipal waste planning compulsory National target on foodwaste recycling

  17. National target on foodwaste recycling Old national goal: • By 2010 at least 35% of food waste from households, large-scale kitchens, stores and restaurants is recycled through biological treatment We reached approx. 25 % - with no legal requirements! New national goal: • By 2018 at least 50 % of food waste from households, large-scale kitchens, stores and restaurants is separated and treated biologically so that nutrients are utilized, and by at least 40 % being treated to recover energy.

  18. Clear division ofroles and responsibilities Producers: • Collection and treatmentofwastewithin the ProducersResponsibility • Municipalities: • Collection and treatmentof municipal waste • Companies/Industries: • Handling ofowngeneratedwaste • Citizens/households: • Separation and leave/transport wasteat indicatedcollectionpoints

  19. Benifits with public waste management responsibility • Front runner position todevelop • Competence • World classinfrastructure • Environmental and social benefits • Ensures long term and holisticworkaccording to the wastehierarchy

  20. Plans, regulators, permissions and supervision National level • Parliament • National environmentaltargets • The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency • National waste plan • Producesnational legislation and guidelines • National environmental courts (5 plus onesuperior): • Gives permissions to largertreatment plants Regional level(21 counties) • County Administrative Board - government authority: • Regional environmentaltargets • Permissions and control for mosttreatmentplants • Supervision of the regional treatmentcapacity Municipal level(290 municipalities) • Municipal authorithies: • Localenvironmentaltargets • Localwaste plans and regulations • Permissions and control of smallertreatmentplants

  21. Organisation form 2013

  22. Co-operation Co-operation – the solution to an increasingly complex waste management Forms of co-operation • Common municipal waste company • Common municipal waste association • Common board • Common procurement on specific issues

  23. Collection (shareofmunicipalities) • 22 % in-house • 71 % outsourcing (mainlyto private companies) • 7 % combination of in-house and outsorcing Treatment In-house or outsourcing toothermunicipality, municipal company or private company (sharedepending on typeoftreatmentmethod)

  24. Owner-shipofwasteincinerators • Municipally owned plant • Co-owned regional waste company (2 out of 32) • Full-owned energy company • Full-owned multi-utility company • Privatly owned plant (4,5 out of 32)

  25. Clear division ofroles and responsibilities Implementation and operation Responsibility • Private and public wastemanagement sector • Knowledge- and Equipment supply • Treatment- and Collection services Producers • Municipalities Companies/Industries Citizens/households

  26. Part 3 OverviewModel Infrastructure Collection Recovery and Recycling

  27. Overviewmodel

  28. Public awarness - a successfactor Keymessages and tools for motivation and tofacilitatecollaboration: • Communication • Developmentofselfinstructive systems • Feed back of the results and that ”whatIdo matters” • Emphasize on the wasteholdersresponsibility and participation

  29. Waste prevention • Long tradition of reusethroughflea markets, second hand, collection at recycling parks, etc • Depositfee system for bevarage containers/bottles • Focus waste for prevention in Sweden: Foodwaste, textiles, electronical and demolition • Largestchallenge: decouplingbetweengeneratedwaste and economicgrowth

  30. Infrastructure Collection ofwaste from householdsbased on source separation • Curbsidecollection • 5 800 unmanned recycling drop-off stations • 630 manneddrop-off recycling centers Treatmentand recycling ofwastebased on the characterof the waste • About 70 organicwastefacilities (composting and digestion plants) • 32 waste to energy plants • About 75 landfills (householdwastelandfilled in 47 plants)

  31. Collection Collection ofwaste from householdsbased on source separation • Curbsidecollection for combustible and foodwaste (and sometimespackaging and paper) • 5 800 unmanned recycling drop-off stations for for packaging and paper • 630 manneddrop-off recycling centers for bulky, electronical and hazardouswaste • Various solutions for hazardouswastecollection

  32. Innovation and trends in collection • Multi compartmentcollection vessels • Opticalsorting • Vehicles on biogas • Automated vacuum systems • Underground containers

  33. Collection systems from households

  34. Sortingequipment for foodwaste • Three groupsofwaste bags used: • Paper bags • Plastic bags • Bioplastic bags • The choice of bag depends on the pre-treatmentmethod

  35. Infrastructure Treatment and recycling ofwastebased on the characterof the waste • About 70 organicwastefacilities (composting and digestion plants) • 32 wastetoenergy plants • About 75 landfills (householdwastelandfilled in 47 plants)

  36. Recycling centers

  37. A system based on resource focus Materials Foodwaste Combustiblewaste Hazardouswaste District energy Electricity Biogas Biofertilizer Directenvironmentalbenifit Products Virgin materials and energysaved Petrolsaved and industrialfertilizersaved Fossil and otherfuelssaved Environmentalprotectioncostssaved

  38. A system based on resource focus Materials Foodwaste Combustiblewaste Hazardouswaste • 2013: • 511 GWh vehicle-fuelproduced from foodwastecorrespondingto the needofabout 30 000 cars • 940 000 tonnesbiofertilizerproducedreplacingindustrialfertilizer District energy • 2013 • 13,7 TWh districtenergy -> 20 % of the total districtenergyin Sweden / the heatingneedof950 000 homes • 1,8 TWh electricity ->needof260 000 homes Electricity Biogas Biofertilizer Directenvironmentalbenifit Products Virgin materials and energysaved Petrolsaved and industrialfertilizersaved Fossil and otherfuelssaved Environmentalprotectioncostssaved

  39. Productionof biogas and bio-fertilizer • The mostincreasingtreatmentmethod • About 25 plants • Energy recovery by the productionof biogas used as a vehicle-fuel • Recycling of nutritions tofarming-land by the productionof bio-fertilizer During 2012, 511 GWh vehicle-fuelwasproduced from foodwastereplacingabout 30 millions liters of petrol. 940000 tonnesbiofertilizer is producedyearly in Sweden.

  40. Biologicaltreatmentoffoodwaste in fractionsof different treatmentmethods (tonnes)

  41. Snapshot - biologicaltreatmentofMSW 2013

  42. Foodwaste recycling in the wastehierarchy Total wastereduction by improvedenvironmentalawarness Recycling ofnutrients Energy recovery by biogas production

  43. Useof biogas from waste Vehicle gas 511 GWh Electricity - Heating 24 GWh Flaring 32 GWh During 2013, 511 GWh vehicle-fuelwasproduced from wastecorrespondingto the needofabout 30 000 cars

  44. Digestate – certified recycling 939800 tonnesofdigestatewasproduced 2013 Nearly 100 % wasused in agriculture as bio-fertiliser Around 90 % of the digestate is certified

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