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Earthquakes: Waves, Faults and Folds

Earthquakes: Waves, Faults and Folds. By: Marg Dyan D. Fernandez Princess Amaryah P. Ejares NatSci1-A7. Earthquake.

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Earthquakes: Waves, Faults and Folds

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  1. Earthquakes: Waves, Faults and Folds By: MargDyan D. Fernandez Princess Amaryah P. Ejares NatSci1-A7

  2. Earthquake • A shaking, trembling, or concussion of the earth, due to subterranean causes, often accompanied by a rumbling noise. The wave of shock sometimes traverses half a hemisphere, destroying cities and many thousand lives

  3. Types: • Foreshock • Aftershock • Blind thrust • Interplate • Intraplate

  4. Wave • a disturbance (an oscillation) that travels through space in time, accompanied by the transfer of energy. • Waves travel and the wave motion transfers energy from one point to another, often with no permanent displacement of the particles of the medium—that is, with little or no associated mass transport

  5. Faults • A planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock across which there has been significant displacement along the fractures as a result of earth movement.

  6. Faultline • The surface trace of a fault

  7. Folds: • When one or stack of originally flat and planar surfaces, such as sedimentary strata, are bent or curved as a result of permanent deformation.

  8. Types: • Anticline – linear strata normally dip away from axial center, oldest strata in center • Syncline- linear strata normally dip toward axial center, youngest strata in center • Antiform – linear strata dip away from axial centre, age unknown or inverted

  9. Synform- linear, strata dip toward axial centre, age unknown or inverted. • Dome- nonlinear, strata dip away from center in all directions, oldest strata in center • Basin- nonlinear- strata dip toward center in all direction between horizontal layers on each side.

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