Civil War to C ivil R ights

1. Civil War to Civil Rights

2. End of the Civil War • After the Civil War ended in 1865. • Civil Rights Act of 1866 • enabled blacks to file lawsuits against whites and sit on juries • Fourteenth Amendment1868 • guaranteed all citizens with equal protection under the law • Fifteenth Amendment 1870 • the right to vote shall not be denied on the basis of race • Civil Rights Act of 1875 • prohibited racial discrimination in most public places • Congress sent federal troops into the South to help blacks register to vote.

3. Booker T. Washington • 1881 • Founded a technical college in Alabama for blacks, called the Tuskegee Institute. • One of the first black activists • Called on blacks to achieve economic equality with whites • Washington argued that social equality and political rights would come only if blacks first became self-reliant and improved their financial footing. Respect from the white community would naturally follow. • Helped push for an end to segregation and supported organizations bent on securing political rights for more blacks.

4. Plessy vs. Ferguson 1896 • A major setback for early civil rights activists • Segregated public and private facilities for blacks and whites were “separate but equal.” • The Court upheld the right of southern legislatures to levy poll taxes and give literacy tests • Strategies that were meant to exclude blacks from voting • Legalized and spread racism throughout the North and South.

8. Dallas Bus Station

9. Jim Crow Laws

10. Texas sign

11. NAACP, 1909 • National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) • Set up by W.E.B.DuBois and a collection of others • Leadership and membership consisted of both blacks and whites • Published a monthly journal called Crisis • Worked to gain more legal and political rights for blacks.

12. Great Migration • Black farmers from the South had a harder time making money as sharecroppers • Moved from small farms into large northern cities for work in factories • Lived in small communities • White middle class city dwellers moved into suburbs

14. WWII • Executive Order 8802 • Outlawed racial discrimination in the federal government and in war factories • Fair Employment Practices Committee • 200,000 Northern blacks found work in defense-related industries • Roosevelt’s election victories happened, in part, because a majority of black Americans began voting for Democrats rather than Republicans. • Executive Order 9981 in 1948 • Truman’s desegregation of the armed forces with

15. 1866 Congress passes Civil Rights Act of 1866 • 1868 Fourteenth Amendment is ratified • 1870 Fifteenth Amendment is ratified • 1871 Congress passes Ku Klux Klan Act • 1875 Congress passes Civil Rights Act of 1875 • 1877 Reconstruction ends • 1881 Booker T. Washington founds Tuskegee Institute • 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson ruling upholds “separate but equal” doctrine

16. 1909 NAACP is founded • 1920 Great Migration begins • 1941 Roosevelt signs Executive Order 8802, creates Fair Employment Practices Committee • prohibit racial discrimination in the national defense industry • 1942 CORE is founded • Congress of Racial Equality • 1946 Truman creates Committee on Civil Rights • 1947 Jackie Robinson becomes first black player in Major League Baseball • 1948 Executive Order 9981 signed • abolished racial discrimination in the United States Armed Forces and eventually led to the end of segregation in the services